Targeting macrophage endocytosis via platelet membrane coating for advanced osteoimmunomodulation

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The identification, uptake, and clearance of nanoparticles by phagocytes stand as a significant biological obstacle for nanoparticle-based therapeutics. Recently, cell membrane coating technique has emerged as an ideal surface modification approach to help nanoparticles to bypass immunocyte uptake and mononuclear phagocytic system clearance. Herein, we enclosed bioactive glass with platelet membrane to bestow it with unique cell surface functions for immune evasion and immunomodulation. Compared with the uncoated particles, platelet membrane-coated BG shows reduced cellular uptake by macrophages and efficiently generates an immune environment favorable for osteogenesis by activating efferocytosis, which further triggers robust osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stromal cells, suggesting the synergistic effect of platelet membrane and bioglass in bone regeneration. These results collectively indicate that cell membrane coating is a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of biomaterials and thus provide new insight into biomaterial-mediated bone regeneration.