Data

Kopuatai FLUXNET Release 2026_r1

Name: Kopuatai FLUXNET Release 2026_r1
Published: 2026

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network

Campbell, David ; Schipper, Louis

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ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2FANDS&rft_id=info:doi10.25901/39mm-8518&rft.title=Kopuatai FLUXNET Release 2026_r1&rft.identifier=10.25901/39mm-8518&rft.publisher=Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network&rft.description=This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using standard micrometeorological methods for the quality control and post-processing steps. The final, gap-filled product containing Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) has been produced using the ONEFlux software as described in Pastorello et al (2020). This data set has been produced as part of the FLUXNET Shuttle project. The Kopuatai EC tower is located in a raised bog on the Hauraki Plains of New Zealand’s North Island, one of the country’s largest intact wetlands and peatlands. The site is dominated by peat-forming vegetation, particularly Empodisma minus, and has been protected as a Ramsar site since 1989. The bog spans about 100 km² with peat depths up to 14 m and vegetation including rushes, sedges, and mānuka. It has a mean annual temperature of 14.6°C and rainfall of 1262 mm, though its long-term sustainability is uncertain due to climate change and surrounding agriculture.Data collected using standard eddy covariance and meteorological instrumentation on a 4.5m tower at the Kopuatai site. The data were quality controlled by the site Principle Investigator. Gap filling and partitioning has been done using the ONEFlux software package, see Pastorello et al 2020, which is available at https://github.com/fluxnet/ONEFlux.Data CreationData is measured using standard micro-meteorological instrumentation on a flux tower.Data is recorded on a data logger and is collected by the site PI.Data quality control and post-processing has been done by the site PI.Filtering for low-ustar conditions, gap filling and partitioning of NEE into GPP and ER are done using ONEFlux.Progress Code: completedMaintenance and Update Frequency: annually&rft.creator=Campbell, David &rft.creator=Schipper, Louis &rft.date=2026&rft.edition=2026_r1&rft.coverage=The Kopuatai flux tower is located within the 100km2, raised peat bog in the lower Hauraki Plains, Waikato, NZ.&rft.coverage=northlimit=-37.378; southlimit=-37.398; westlimit=175.544; eastLimit=175.564; projection=EPSG:4326&rft_rights=Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0&rft_rights=TERN services are provided on an as-is and as available basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN. Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting&rft_rights=Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.&rft_subject=climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere&rft_subject=environment&rft_subject=NET ECOSYSTEM CO2 EXCHANGE (NEE)&rft_subject=GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION (GPP)&rft_subject=RESPIRATION RATE&rft_subject=EARTH SCIENCE&rft_subject=BIOSPHERE&rft_subject=ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS&rft_subject=ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS&rft_subject=VERTICAL WIND VELOCITY/SPEED&rft_subject=WATER VAPOR PROCESSES&rft_subject=CARBON FLUX&rft_subject=EVAPOTRANSPIRATION&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERE&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR&rft_subject=SOILS&rft_subject=SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX&rft_subject=LATENT HEAT FLUX&rft_subject=LONGWAVE RADIATION&rft_subject=WIND DIRECTION PROFILES&rft_subject=SHORTWAVE RADIATION&rft_subject=RAIN&rft_subject=PRECIPITATION&rft_subject=LIQUID PRECIPITATION&rft_subject=AIR TEMPERATURE&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE&rft_subject=SURFACE TEMPERATURE&rft_subject=HUMIDITY&rft_subject=Carbon Sequestration Science&rft_subject=ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES&rft_subject=SOIL SCIENCES&rft_subject=Ecosystem Function&rft_subject=ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES&rft_subject=EARTH SCIENCES&rft_subject=Climatology&rft_subject=Climate change impacts and adaptation&rft_subject=TERN Ecosystem Processes&rft_subject=Fluxes&rft_subject=Kopuatai Flux Station&rft_subject=net primary productivity of biomass expressed as carbon accumulated in miscellaneous living matter&rft_subject=Micromole per Square Metre Second&rft_subject=air temperature&rft_subject=Degree Celsius&rft_subject=downward heat flux at ground level in soil&rft_subject=Watt Square Metre&rft_subject=ecosystem respiration&rft_subject=gross primary productivity&rft_subject=Micromole per Square Metre Square Second&rft_subject=lateral component of wind speed&rft_subject=Metre per Second&rft_subject=longitudinal component of wind speed&rft_subject=magnitude of surface downward stress&rft_subject=Kilograms per metre per square second&rft_subject=mass concentration of water vapor in air&rft_subject=Gram per Cubic Metre&rft_subject=mole fraction of carbon monoxide in dry air&rft_subject=Micromole per Mole&rft_subject=mole fraction of water vapor in air&rft_subject=Millimole per Mole&rft_subject=Monin-Obukhov length&rft_subject=Metre&rft_subject=net ecosystem exchange&rft_subject=net ecosystem productivity&rft_subject=relative humidity&rft_subject=Percent&rft_subject=soil temperature&rft_subject=surface air pressure&rft_subject=Kilopascal&rft_subject=surface downwelling longwave flux in air&rft_subject=Watt per Square Metre&rft_subject=surface downwelling shortwave flux in air&rft_subject=surface friction velocity&rft_subject=surface net downward radiative flux&rft_subject=surface upward latent heat flux&rft_subject=surface upward mole flux of carbon dioxide&rft_subject=surface upward sensible heat flux&rft_subject=surface upwelling longwave flux in air&rft_subject=surface upwelling shortwave flux in air&rft_subject=thickness of rainfall amount&rft_subject=Millimetre&rft_subject=volume fraction of condensed water in soil&rft_subject=Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre&rft_subject=wind from direction&rft_subject=Degree&rft_subject=wind speed&rft_subject=250 meters - < 500 meters&rft_subject=1 minute - < 1 hour&rft_subject=FLUXNET ID&rft_subject=NZ-Kop&rft.type=dataset&rft.language=English Access the data

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

TERN services are provided on an "as-is" and "as available" basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure.
Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN.

Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting

Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.

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Contact Information

Street Address:
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia
Queensland 4068
Australia
Ph: +61 7 3365 9097

[email protected]

Brief description

This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using standard micrometeorological methods for the quality control and post-processing steps. The final, gap-filled product containing Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) has been produced using the ONEFlux software as described in Pastorello et al (2020). This data set has been produced as part of the FLUXNET Shuttle project.
The Kopuatai EC tower is located in a raised bog on the Hauraki Plains of New Zealand’s North Island, one of the country’s largest intact wetlands and peatlands. The site is dominated by peat-forming vegetation, particularly Empodisma minus, and has been protected as a Ramsar site since 1989. The bog spans about 100 km² with peat depths up to 14 m and vegetation including rushes, sedges, and mānuka. It has a mean annual temperature of 14.6°C and rainfall of 1262 mm, though its long-term sustainability is uncertain due to climate change and surrounding agriculture.

Lineage

Data collected using standard eddy covariance and meteorological instrumentation on a 4.5m tower at the Kopuatai site. The data were quality controlled by the site Principle Investigator. Gap filling and partitioning has been done using the ONEFlux software package, see Pastorello et al 2020, which is available at https://github.com/fluxnet/ONEFlux.

Data Creation
Data is measured using standard micro-meteorological instrumentation on a flux tower.
Data is recorded on a data logger and is collected by the site PI.
Data quality control and post-processing has been done by the site PI.
Filtering for low-ustar conditions, gap filling and partitioning of NEE into GPP and ER are done using ONEFlux.

Progress Code: completed

Maintenance and Update Frequency: annually

Notes

Credit
We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.

Purpose

Determine the current CO₂ sink strength of Kopuatai peatland seasonally and annually and explore the effect of environmental variables on CO₂ uptake
Characterize the light response of Empodisma minus (main canopy and peat forming species) and determine the influence of light quality as defined by thresholds for the diffuse fraction of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).
Relate ecosystem phenology to the CO_² balance of the peatland
Determine the temporal dynamics of CH₄ flux at Kopuatai and how they interact with environmental variables
Develop a complete carbon budget spanning multiple years including NEE of CO2, CH4 flux, and DOC export

Data Quality Information

Data Quality Assessment Scope
local : dataset
 The data have been quality controlled by the site PI using standard micro-meteorological methods. If the data quality is poor, the meteorological data is filled from ERA5 reanalysis data and fluxes are filled using the Marginal Distribution Sampling method. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset. The ONEFlux software used to gap fill and partition this data set also applies a Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) filter to the carbon dioxide, latent heat and sensible heat before the gap filling step.

Data Quality Assessment Result
local : Quality Result
No anomalous data detected after quality control.

Created: 2026-03-20

Issued: 2026-04-07

Modified: 2026-06-18

Data time period: 2012-01-01 to 2016-01-01