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Effects of seawater ozonation on biofilm development in aquaculture tanks

Name: Effects of seawater ozonation on biofilm development in aquaculture tanks
Published: 2026

Australian Institute of Marine Science

Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS)

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ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2FANDS&rft_id=https://apps.aims.gov.au/metadata/view/e8a2a94a-4e15-4098-af96-6a479652a5e4&rft.title=Effects of seawater ozonation on biofilm development in aquaculture tanks&rft.identifier=https://apps.aims.gov.au/metadata/view/e8a2a94a-4e15-4098-af96-6a479652a5e4&rft.publisher=Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS)&rft.description=Biofilm development was monitored over a period of 44 days in tanks receiving ozonated and non-ozonated water using microscopy and molecular based techniques. Bacterial groups detected in the biofilm were: Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Planctomycetales and the Cytophaga/Flavobacterium branch of phylum Bacteroidetes.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to identify bacteria.For each treatment, eight-well microscope slides (for FISH) and regular microscope slides (for DGGE) microscope glass slides were placed in small-scale aquaculture tanks supplied with filtered, ozonated or non-ozonated seawater at a constant water flow-through of 1.0 to 1.2 Lmin-1, to which Artemia were added. Thereafter, Artemia were exchanged every day by removal of residual animals and addition of freshly harvested ones; at the same time dead Artemia and particulate matter was siphoned off the bottom of each tank. Mortality rates of Artemia were monitored throughout the experiment. Eight-well microscope slides were collected 1 h (day 0) and 24 h (day 1) after the first addition of Artemia to the tanks. Subsequently, sampling was continued every second day (days 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 18 and 20) and then weekly (days 28, 36 and 44).Probes used (and specificity): EUB338b (most bacteria); EUB338-IIb (additional bacteria - Planctomycetales); EUB338-IIIb IIb (additional bacteria - Verrucomicrobiales); NON338 (Antisense of EUB338); ALF1B (Alphaproteobacteria and some other bacteria ); BET42ad (Betaproteobacteria); GAM42ad (Gammaproteobacteria); CF319a (Cytophaga/Flavobacteria branch of Bacteroidetes); GV (Vibrio); PLA886d,e and PLA46e (Planctomycetales); G123d (Thiothrix).Phylogenetic affiliation of sequences retrieved from bands excised from DGGE profiles of biofilm:Sequence name (accession no.) environment : Clone b1uc29 (EF206937) bleached coral; Clone A714001 (AY907796) Arabian Sea picoplankton; Clone JTB23 (AB015248) deep cold-seep sediment; Rhodovulum sulfidophilum ATCC 35886 (DQ342323) marine mud flats; Clone b2ub58 (EF206984) bleached coral; Roseobacter sp. 49Xb1 (EU090129) stomach of Nyctiphanes simplex; Clone BBD (DQ446091) black band-diseased coral.Sequence identity Isolate name (accession number) : Hyphomicrobium sulfonivorans (AY305006); Microbulbifer sp. MY05 (AY862188); Planctomycete strain 292 (AJ231182); Pseudomonas sp. GR2A19 (EF554921); Thiococcus sp. AT2204 (AJ401211); 2 unidentified Alphaproteobacteria isolates. To assess the effects of ozonation on biofilm development and composition in small-scale aquaculture tanks containing the brine shrimp Artemia (commonly used as live feed in larval rearing of various species). Ozonation of seawater alters water chemistry, changing selection pressures on bacterial populations, for bacteria surviving the treatment as well as bacteria introduced to aquaculture tanks from other sources such as live feed.Microbial biofilms in aquaculture tanks represent a reservoir for opportunistic bacterial pathogens, and procedures to control formation and bacterial composition of biofilms are important for the development of commercially viable aquaculture industries.Maintenance and Update Frequency: notPlanned&rft.creator=Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) &rft.date=2026&rft_rights=Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Australia License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/au/&rft_rights=Use Limitation: All AIMS data, products and services are provided as is and AIMS does not warrant their fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. While AIMS has made every reasonable effort to ensure high quality of the data, products and services, to the extent permitted by law the data, products and services are provided without any warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied, including without limitation any implied warranties of title, merchantability, and fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. AIMS make no representation or warranty that the data, products and services are accurate, complete, reliable or current. To the extent permitted by law, AIMS exclude all liability to any person arising directly or indirectly from the use of the data, products and services.&rft_rights=Attribution: Format for citation of metadata sourced from Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) in a list of reference is as follows: Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). (2009). Effects of seawater ozonation on biofilm development in aquaculture tanks. https://apps.aims.gov.au/metadata/view/e8a2a94a-4e15-4098-af96-6a479652a5e4, accessed[date-of-access].&rft_rights=Resource Usage:Use of the AIMS data is for not-for-profit applications only. All other users shall seek permission for use by contacting AIMS. Acknowledgements as prescribed must be clearly set out in the user's formal communications or publications.Access Constraint: intellectualPropertyRightsUse Constraint: intellectualPropertyRightsSecurity classification code: unclassifiedMetadata Usage:Access Constraint: intellectualPropertyRightsUse Constraint: intellectualPropertyRightsSecurity classification code: unclassified&rft_subject=oceans&rft.type=dataset&rft.language=English Access the data

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Use Limitation: All AIMS data, products and services are provided "as is" and AIMS does not warrant their fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. While AIMS has made every reasonable effort to ensure high quality of the data, products and services, to the extent permitted by law the data, products and services are provided without any warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied, including without limitation any implied warranties of title, merchantability, and fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. AIMS make no representation or warranty that the data, products and services are accurate, complete, reliable or current. To the extent permitted by law, AIMS exclude all liability to any person arising directly or indirectly from the use of the data, products and services.

Attribution: Format for citation of metadata sourced from Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) in a list of reference is as follows: "Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). (2009). Effects of seawater ozonation on biofilm development in aquaculture tanks. https://apps.aims.gov.au/metadata/view/e8a2a94a-4e15-4098-af96-6a479652a5e4, accessed[date-of-access]".

Resource Usage:Use of the AIMS data is for not-for-profit applications only. All other users shall seek permission for use by contacting AIMS. Acknowledgements as prescribed must be clearly set out in the user's formal communications or publications.Access Constraint: intellectualPropertyRightsUse Constraint: intellectualPropertyRightsSecurity classification code: unclassifiedMetadata Usage:Access Constraint: intellectualPropertyRightsUse Constraint: intellectualPropertyRightsSecurity classification code: unclassified

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Biofilm development was monitored over a period of 44 days in tanks receiving ozonated and non-ozonated water using microscopy and molecular based techniques. Bacterial groups detected in the biofilm were: Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Planctomycetales and the Cytophaga/Flavobacterium branch of phylum Bacteroidetes.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to identify bacteria.For each treatment, eight-well microscope slides (for FISH) and regular microscope slides (for DGGE) microscope glass slides were placed in small-scale aquaculture tanks supplied with filtered, ozonated or non-ozonated seawater at a constant water flow-through of 1.0 to 1.2 Lmin-1, to which Artemia were added. Thereafter, Artemia were exchanged every day by removal of residual animals and addition of freshly harvested ones; at the same time dead Artemia and particulate matter was siphoned off the bottom of each tank. Mortality rates of Artemia were monitored throughout the experiment. Eight-well microscope slides were collected 1 h (day 0) and 24 h (day 1) after the first addition of Artemia to the tanks. Subsequently, sampling was continued every second day (days 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 18 and 20) and then weekly (days 28, 36 and 44).Probes used (and specificity): EUB338b (most bacteria); EUB338-IIb (additional bacteria - Planctomycetales); EUB338-IIIb IIb (additional bacteria - Verrucomicrobiales); NON338 (Antisense of EUB338); ALF1B (Alphaproteobacteria and some other bacteria ); BET42ad (Betaproteobacteria); GAM42ad (Gammaproteobacteria); CF319a (Cytophaga/Flavobacteria branch of Bacteroidetes); GV (Vibrio); PLA886d,e and PLA46e (Planctomycetales); G123d (Thiothrix).Phylogenetic affiliation of sequences retrieved from bands excised from DGGE profiles of biofilm:Sequence name (accession no.) environment : Clone b1uc29 (EF206937) bleached coral; Clone A714001 (AY907796) Arabian Sea picoplankton; Clone JTB23 (AB015248) deep cold-seep sediment; Rhodovulum sulfidophilum ATCC 35886 (DQ342323) marine mud flats; Clone b2ub58 (EF206984) bleached coral; Roseobacter sp. 49Xb1 (EU090129) stomach of Nyctiphanes simplex; Clone BBD (DQ446091) black band-diseased coral.Sequence identity Isolate name (accession number) : Hyphomicrobium sulfonivorans (AY305006); Microbulbifer sp. MY05 (AY862188); Planctomycete strain 292 (AJ231182); Pseudomonas sp. GR2A19 (EF554921); Thiococcus sp. AT2204 (AJ401211); 2 unidentified Alphaproteobacteria isolates.
To assess the effects of ozonation on biofilm development and composition in small-scale aquaculture tanks containing the brine shrimp Artemia (commonly used as live feed in larval rearing of various species).
Ozonation of seawater alters water chemistry, changing selection pressures on bacterial populations, for bacteria surviving the treatment as well as bacteria introduced to aquaculture tanks from other sources such as live feed.Microbial biofilms in aquaculture tanks represent a reservoir for opportunistic bacterial pathogens, and procedures to control formation and bacterial composition of biofilms are important for the development of commercially viable aquaculture industries.

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Maintenance and Update Frequency: notPlanned

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Credit
Hoj, Lone, Dr (Custodian)

Modified: 18 09 2026

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Other Information

Effects of seawater ozonation on biofilm development in aquaculture tanks: Wietz M, Hall MR and Hoj L (2009) Effects of seawater ozonation on biofilm development in aquaculture tanks. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 32: 266-277.

local : articleId=8082

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global : e8a2a94a-4e15-4098-af96-6a479652a5e4