Data

Davies Reef Automated Marine Weather And Oceanographic Station

Australian Institute of Marine Science
Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS)
Viewed: [[ro.stat.viewed]] Cited: [[ro.stat.cited]] Accessed: [[ro.stat.accessed]]
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2FANDS&rft_id=https://apps.aims.gov.au/metadata/view/5fc91100-4ade-11dc-8f56-00008a07204e&rft.title=Davies Reef Automated Marine Weather And Oceanographic Station&rft.identifier=https://apps.aims.gov.au/metadata/view/5fc91100-4ade-11dc-8f56-00008a07204e&rft.publisher=Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS)&rft.description=This dataset contains meteorological and sea temperature data from the weather station moored in the lagoon on Davies Reef on the Great Barrier Reef. These data are collected to support scientific research at AIMS. Data are made available on request to other researchers and to the public. The weather station is an AIMS Mk3 System.Data recorded: Sea Temperature (4m, 8.5m and 18.5m at MSL), Barometric Pressure, Air Temperature, Solar Radiation (PAR), Wind Direction True (vector averaged), Wind Speed True (30 min average).1. Operation and Weather SensorsThe weather stations collect and store data in electronic memory every half-hour. A central base station calls each remote station regularly using HF radio or telephone lines. The data is transmitted over the radio as a frequency shift keyed signal, organised as packets of information. Errors are detected using parity and check sum methods. Invalid packets are identified by the Base Station, which requests they be sent again. This concept allows recovery of a very high percentage of the data despite poor communications. Remote stations store data for 21 days. Features such as automatic operation, remote control, remote time setting, built in diagnostics, have been developed and incorporated.The sensors are a key part of a weather station. The following are chosen considering the cost, reliability and accuracy.* R.M.Young manufactures the wind sensor, a model number 05103. It is a propeller type with the advantages of being highly linear, highly interchangeable and having a low threshold. Wind direction is measured as the direction the wind is coming from.* The solar radiation sensor is an Under Water Quantum Sensor made by Licor. It measures light in terms of its Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). The spectral response is defined and weighted. Drift due to aging of the filters has proven to be a problem, but this applies to similar units too.* Temperature sensors are all Omega Interchangeable Thermistors. These are interchangeable and have high accuracy, but reliability has proven a problem. We are considering alternatives.* The barometric sensor was a modified Aanderaa type on earlier stations. The Mk2 stations were fitted with a Weathertronics Unit. Now all stations are Mk3 stations fitted with a Vaisala barometer which is more interchangeable and more accurate.2. System AccuracySystem accuracy is calculated as the sum of errors caused by: * Calibration * Interchanging sensors * Drift with time * Effects of an ambient temperature range from 0-40 degrees C.The following are the specifications of the sensors used with Mk3 stations. A new sensor suite will be used with Mk5 stations, partly based on the Vaisala WXT510 weather sensor.Both the temperature and wind sensors are interchangeable, and not individually calibrated, though some individual sensors have been checked against standards.* Air Temperature: Interchangeable thermistor and electronics is within +/- 0.4 deg. C, with a 30 seconds settling time in air. There are additional errors due to the aspiration of the temperature screen at low wind speeds.* Water temperature: Interchangeable thermistor and electronics is within +/- 0.4 deg. C, with a 30 minutes settling time in water. A higher precision in situ calibration is normally used (around +/- 0.1 degrees), traceable to a 0.04 degrees standard.* Solar radiation (PAR): +/- 5% of reading. Sensor drift is approximately -4% per year initially.* Barometric pressure: +/- 1 hecto Pascal.* Wind speed: 2% of reading +/- 0.1% FSD.* Wind direction: 2% of reading +/- 0.1% FSD.Electrical settling time for solar radiation and wind parameters is 7 seconds. This is necessary for anti-aliasing filters. Mk1 and Mk2 stations averaged 16 samples over the 16 seconds before logging. Mk3 stations use a continuously averaging software system. The wind readings are vector averaged, so direction is accounted for properly.Calibration procedures and routines are detailed on the Engineering website.3. Wind Sensor SpecificationThe following are additional specifications of the wind sensors used with Mk3 stations. A new sensor will be used with Mk5 stations. Wind sensors are mounted at a nominal 10 meters above water. The R.M. Young sensor has the following characteristics:* Wind SpeedRange: 0-60 m/sPitch: 29.4 cm air passes per rev.Distance constant: 2.7 m for 63% recovery* Wind DirectionRange: 360 deg, with 5 deg electrically open at northDamping ratio: 0.25Delay distance: 1.5 m for 50% recoveryThreshold: 1.0 m/s @ 10 deg.Displacement: 1.5 m/s @ 5 deg. displacement Damped w/length: 7.4 mUndamped w/length: 7.2 m4. Underwater Temperature SensorsThese sensors are interchangeable thermistors in Mk3 stations. They can be mounted a significant distance from the weather station, using a 2 wire connection. The basic accuracy is due to the use of interchangeable units. However improved accuracy is obtained by calibrating against a precision reference sensor in situ. These are in turn calibrated against a standard traceable to 0.04 degrees.Maintenance and Update Frequency: continualStatement: Statement: Data from AIMS weather stations are subjected to two quality control processes. The first quality control process involves applying automatic rules to the raw data to flag data points that are unlikely to be correct. These rules flag: - Values frequently associated with sensors which are faulty, in need of a service or are not working properly. - Values outside believable ranges. - Values that are out of range compared to other nearby stations. The second quality control process involves manual visualisation of all data. Data from all sensors are individually graphed and compared to sensors on the same station (e.g. water temperature 1 and water temperature 2), calibrated temperature loggers, predicted values (e.g. PAR) or compared to sensors from nearby stations (including Bureau of Meteorology stations in the case of barometric pressure, wind speed and direction). After these processes have been applied the data can be categorised in the following three levels. Level 0: Raw unprocessed data as received from the AWS. This data has had no quality control process applied to it. Level 1: Level 1 data has had all suspect data points removed but no suspect data points are corrected. Level 2: Level 2 data has had all suspect data points that were removed in Level 1 corrected where possible. Data from all three levels can be accessed from the AIMS weather station web site. IMOS Sensor Floats: All sensors are factory calibrated and serviced every six months. Data are checked against a set of rules and then flagged using the IODE set of flags.&rft.creator=Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) &rft.date=2024&rft.coverage=westlimit=147.683; southlimit=-18.833; eastlimit=147.683; northlimit=-18.833&rft.coverage=westlimit=147.683; southlimit=-18.833; eastlimit=147.683; northlimit=-18.833&rft_rights= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/&rft_rights=http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/au/88x31.png&rft_rights=WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related&rft_rights=License Graphic&rft_rights=Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia License&rft_rights=http://creativecommons.org/international/au/&rft_rights=WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related&rft_rights=WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related&rft_rights=License Text&rft_rights=Use Limitation: All AIMS data, products and services are provided as is and AIMS does not warrant their fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. While AIMS has made every reasonable effort to ensure high quality of the data, products and services, to the extent permitted by law the data, products and services are provided without any warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied, including without limitation any implied warranties of title, merchantability, and fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. AIMS make no representation or warranty that the data, products and services are accurate, complete, reliable or current. To the extent permitted by law, AIMS exclude all liability to any person arising directly or indirectly from the use of the data, products and services.&rft_rights=Attribution: Format for citation of metadata sourced from Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) in a list of reference is as follows: Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). (2020). Northern Australia Automated Marine Weather and Oceanographic Stations, Sites: [Davies Reef]. https://doi.org/10.25845/5c09bf93f315d, accessed[date-of-access].&rft_rights=Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au&rft_subject=oceans&rft_subject=surface_downwelling_photosynthetic_radiative_flux_in_air&rft_subject=Depth of observation or sample collection&rft_subject=Practical salinity of the water body&rft_subject=Precipitation rate (liquid water equivalent) in the atmosphere&rft_subject=Thickness of precipitation amount (liquid water equivalent) in the atmosphere&rft_subject=Pressure (measured variable) in the water body exerted by overlying sea water only&rft_subject=Temperature of the atmosphere&rft_subject=Relative humidity of the atmosphere&rft_subject=Wind from direction in the atmosphere&rft_subject=Wind speed in the atmosphere&rft_subject=Specific electrical conductivity of the water body&rft_subject=Temperature of the water body&rft_subject=Pressure (measured variable) exerted by the atmosphere&rft_subject=Precipitation duration (liquid water equivalent) in the atmosphere&rft.type=dataset&rft.language=English Access the data

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Use Limitation: All AIMS data, products and services are provided "as is" and AIMS does not warrant their fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. While AIMS has made every reasonable effort to ensure high quality of the data, products and services, to the extent permitted by law the data, products and services are provided without any warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied, including without limitation any implied warranties of title, merchantability, and fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. AIMS make no representation or warranty that the data, products and services are accurate, complete, reliable or current. To the extent permitted by law, AIMS exclude all liability to any person arising directly or indirectly from the use of the data, products and services.

Attribution: Format for citation of metadata sourced from Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) in a list of reference is as follows: "Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). (2020). Northern Australia Automated Marine Weather and Oceanographic Stations, Sites: [Davies Reef]. https://doi.org/10.25845/5c09bf93f315d, accessed[date-of-access]".

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Brief description

This dataset contains meteorological and sea temperature data from the weather station moored in the lagoon on Davies Reef on the Great Barrier Reef. These data are collected to support scientific research at AIMS. Data are made available on request to other researchers and to the public. The weather station is an AIMS Mk3 System.Data recorded: Sea Temperature (4m, 8.5m and 18.5m at MSL), Barometric Pressure, Air Temperature, Solar Radiation (PAR), Wind Direction True (vector averaged), Wind Speed True (30 min average).1. Operation and Weather SensorsThe weather stations collect and store data in electronic memory every half-hour. A central base station calls each remote station regularly using HF radio or telephone lines. The data is transmitted over the radio as a frequency shift keyed signal, organised as packets of information. Errors are detected using parity and check sum methods. Invalid packets are identified by the Base Station, which requests they be sent again. This concept allows recovery of a very high percentage of the data despite poor communications. Remote stations store data for 21 days. Features such as automatic operation, remote control, remote time setting, built in diagnostics, have been developed and incorporated.The sensors are a key part of a weather station. The following are chosen considering the cost, reliability and accuracy.* R.M.Young manufactures the wind sensor, a model number 05103. It is a propeller type with the advantages of being highly linear, highly interchangeable and having a low threshold. Wind direction is measured as the direction the wind is coming from.* The solar radiation sensor is an Under Water Quantum Sensor made by Licor. It measures light in terms of its "Photosynthetically Active Radiation" (PAR). The spectral response is defined and weighted. Drift due to aging of the filters has proven to be a problem, but this applies to similar units too.* Temperature sensors are all Omega Interchangeable Thermistors. These are interchangeable and have high accuracy, but reliability has proven a problem. We are considering alternatives.* The barometric sensor was a modified Aanderaa type on earlier stations. The Mk2 stations were fitted with a Weathertronics Unit. Now all stations are Mk3 stations fitted with a Vaisala barometer which is more interchangeable and more accurate.2. System AccuracySystem accuracy is calculated as the sum of errors caused by: * Calibration * Interchanging sensors * Drift with time * Effects of an ambient temperature range from 0-40 degrees C.The following are the specifications of the sensors used with Mk3 stations. A new sensor suite will be used with Mk5 stations, partly based on the Vaisala WXT510 weather sensor.Both the temperature and wind sensors are interchangeable, and not individually calibrated, though some individual sensors have been checked against standards.* Air Temperature: Interchangeable thermistor and electronics is within +/- 0.4 deg. C, with a 30 seconds settling time in air. There are additional errors due to the aspiration of the temperature screen at low wind speeds.* Water temperature: Interchangeable thermistor and electronics is within +/- 0.4 deg. C, with a 30 minutes settling time in water. A higher precision in situ calibration is normally used (around +/- 0.1 degrees), traceable to a 0.04 degrees standard.* Solar radiation (PAR): +/- 5% of reading. Sensor drift is approximately -4% per year initially.* Barometric pressure: +/- 1 hecto Pascal.* Wind speed: 2% of reading +/- 0.1% FSD.* Wind direction: 2% of reading +/- 0.1% FSD.Electrical settling time for solar radiation and wind parameters is 7 seconds. This is necessary for anti-aliasing filters. Mk1 and Mk2 stations averaged 16 samples over the 16 seconds before logging. Mk3 stations use a continuously averaging software system. The wind readings are vector averaged, so direction is accounted for properly.Calibration procedures and routines are detailed on the Engineering website.3. Wind Sensor SpecificationThe following are additional specifications of the wind sensors used with Mk3 stations. A new sensor will be used with Mk5 stations. Wind sensors are mounted at a nominal 10 meters above water. The R.M. Young sensor has the following characteristics:* Wind SpeedRange: 0-60 m/sPitch: 29.4 cm air passes per rev.Distance constant: 2.7 m for 63% recovery* Wind DirectionRange: 360 deg, with 5 deg electrically open at northDamping ratio: 0.25Delay distance: 1.5 m for 50% recoveryThreshold: 1.0 m/s @ 10 deg.Displacement: 1.5 m/s @ 5 deg. displacement Damped w/length: 7.4 mUndamped w/length: 7.2 m4. Underwater Temperature SensorsThese sensors are interchangeable thermistors in Mk3 stations. They can be mounted a significant distance from the weather station, using a 2 wire connection. The basic accuracy is due to the use of interchangeable units. However improved accuracy is obtained by calibrating against a precision reference sensor in situ. These are in turn calibrated against a standard traceable to 0.04 degrees.

Lineage

Maintenance and Update Frequency: continual
Statement: Statement: Data from AIMS weather stations are subjected to two quality control processes. The first quality control process involves applying automatic rules to the raw data to flag data points that are unlikely to be correct. These rules flag: - Values frequently associated with sensors which are faulty, in need of a service or are not working properly. - Values outside believable ranges. - Values that are out of range compared to other nearby stations. The second quality control process involves manual visualisation of all data. Data from all sensors are individually graphed and compared to sensors on the same station (e.g. water temperature 1 and water temperature 2), calibrated temperature loggers, predicted values (e.g. PAR) or compared to sensors from nearby stations (including Bureau of Meteorology stations in the case of barometric pressure, wind speed and direction). After these processes have been applied the data can be categorised in the following three levels. Level 0: Raw unprocessed data as received from the AWS. This data has had no quality control process applied to it. Level 1: Level 1 data has had all suspect data points removed but no suspect data points are corrected. Level 2: Level 2 data has had all suspect data points that were removed in Level 1 corrected where possible. Data from all three levels can be accessed from the AIMS weather station web site. IMOS Sensor Floats: All sensors are factory calibrated and serviced every six months. Data are checked against a set of rules and then flagged using the IODE set of flags.

Notes

Credit
Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) is enabled by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS). It is operated by a consortium of institutions as an unincorporated joint venture, with the University of Tasmania as Lead Agent.
Credit
Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS)
Credit
Bainbridge, Scott, Mr

Modified: 17 10 2024

This dataset is part of a larger collection

Click to explore relationships graph

147.683,-18.833

147.683,-18.833

text: westlimit=147.683; southlimit=-18.833; eastlimit=147.683; northlimit=-18.833

Other Information
Data access using R

uri : https://docs.ropensci.org/dataaimsr/

Marine Weather Observations for Davies Reef

uri : https://weather.aims.gov.au/#/station/4

Data access via Programming API

uri : https://open-aims.github.io/data-platform/

global : 0887cb5b-b443-4e08-a169-038208109466

Identifiers
  • global : 5fc91100-4ade-11dc-8f56-00008a07204e