Full description
The mechanisms that shape plant diversity along resource gradients remain unresolved because competing theories have been evaluated in isolation. By testing multiple theories simultaneously across a >2-million-year dune chronosequence in an Australian biodiversity hotspot, we show that variation in plant diversity is not explained by local resource heterogeneity, resource partitioning, nutrient stoichiometry, or soil fertility along this strong resource gradient. Rather, our results suggest that diversity is determined by environmental filtering from the regional flora, driven by soil acidification during long-term pedogenesis. This finding challenges the prevailing view that resource competition controls local plant diversity along resource gradients, and instead reflects processes shaping species pools over evolutionary time scales.,Vegetation data along the Jurien Bay dune chronosequenceFloristic surveys were conducted on the 60 permanent 10 m × 10 m plots (10 plots in each of six chronosequence stages). Each plot was surveyed at least once between August 2011 and March 2012. To estimate canopy cover and number of individuals for each plant species within the 10 m × 10 m plots, seven randomly-located 2 m × 2 m subplots were surveyed within each plot. Within each subplot, all vascular plant species were identified, the corresponding number of individuals was counted and the vertically projected vegetation canopy cover was estimated.jurienveg.csvSoil data along the Jurien Bay chronosequenceBetween 11–16 June 2012, seven soil samples (one sample per 2 m × 2 m subplot) were collected in each of the sixty 10 m × 10 m plots, for a total of 420 samples. Subsampling was done to obtain more accurate estimates of the mean and to estimate within-plot spatial variation in soil properties. Samples were taken at 0–20 cm depth using a 50-mm diameter sand auger, sieved (<2 mm) to remove roots and other large organic debris, homogenized, and air-dried prior to chemical analysis.Total soil [P] was measured by ignition (550 °C, 1 h) and extraction in 1 M H2SO4, with phosphate detection by automated online neutralization and molybdate colorimetry using a Lachat Quikchem 8500 (Hach Ltd, Loveland, CO, USA). A soil P fractionation procedure (46) was performed on bulked samples from the 60 plots. Phosphate extracted by anion-exchange membranes (1 cm × 4 cm; manufactured by BDH, Poole, UK, and distributed by VWR International, West Chester, PA, USA) was desorbed from the membranes by shaking for 1 h in 0.25 M H2SO4. All other extracts were centrifuged (8000 × g, 15 min) and an aliquot decanted for analysis. Each aliquot was neutralized using phenolphthalein indicator and dilute NaOH or H2SO4 (as appropriate) and analyzed for inorganic phosphate and total P. Extraction solutions were: 0.5 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaOH and 1 M HCl. Phosphate was determined by molybdate colorimetry at 880 nm with a 1-cm path length. Total P was determined by the same procedure following acid-persulfate digestion at 80 °C overnight in sealed glass tubes. In both cases, standards were prepared in the extract solution following identical neutralization and dilution steps. The detection limit for both procedures was approximately 0.6 mg kg-1. For each extract, organic P was calculated as the difference between total P and inorganic P. Residual P was calculated as the difference between the independent estimate of total P measured by ignition and the sum of all inorganic and organic P fractions measured from the sequential extractions. Total soil [N] was determined by combustion and gas chromatography on a Thermo Flash 1112 analyzer (CE Elantech, Lakewood, NJ, USA). Nitrate and ammonium were determined colorimetrically on a Lachat Quikchem 8500 using standard procedures from the manufacturer. Total dissolved N was determined by combustion and gas chromatography on a Shimadzu TOC-TN analyzer. Dissolved organic N was calculated as the difference between total dissolved N and the sum of nitrate and ammonium. Soil pH was determined in a 1:2 soil to solution ratio in 10 mM CaCl2 using a glass electrode. Exchangeable cations (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na) were determined by extraction in 0.1 M BaCl2 with detection by ICP-OES on an Optima 7300 DV (Perkin Elmer, Inc, Shelton, CT). Units are: total [N], %; total [P], mg kg-1; effective cation exchange capacity (ecec), cmol(+) kg-1; dissolved organic [N] (don), mg kg-1; ammonium (nh4), mg kg-1; nitrate (no3), mg kg-1; resin [P], mg kg-1; all other organic and inorganic [P] fractions, mg kg-1; canola mass (plant-based index of soil fertility), g.juriensoils.csv,Issued: 2015-08-29
Subjects
Acacia cyclops |
Acacia lasiocarpa |
Acacia pulchella |
Acacia pulchella var. glaberrima |
Acacia rostellifera |
Acacia sp. fat leaf |
Acacia spathulifolia |
Acacia sphacelata subsp. sphacelata |
Acacia truncata |
Acacia xanthina |
Acanthocarpus preissii |
Acorn Banksia |
Adenanthos cygnorum subsp. cygnorum |
Alexgeorgea nitens |
Alexgeorgea subterranea |
Allocasuarina humilis |
Allocasuarina lehmanniana |
Amphipogon debilis |
Amphipogon turbinatus |
Amyema miraculosa |
Andersonia heterophylla |
Angianthus cunninghamii |
Angianthus tomentosus |
Anigozanthos humilis |
Anthobolus foveolatus |
Anthocercis ilicifolia subsp. ilicifolia |
Anthocercis littorea |
Araliaceae sp. |
Arnocrinum preissii |
Arthropodium sp. |
Asteraceae aff. Senecio |
Asteraceae sp. weed? |
Astroloma microdonta |
Astroloma serratifolium |
Astroloma xerophyllum |
Australian Carrot |
Austrostipa compressa |
Austrostipa elegantissima |
Austrostipa macalpinei |
Autumn Scrub Daisy |
Banded Greenhood |
Banksia attenuata |
Banksia dallanneyi subsp. media |
Banksia leptophylla var. melletica |
Banksia menziesii |
Banksia nivea subsp. nivea |
Banksia prionotes |
Banksia sclerophylla P4 |
Banksia sessilis var. cygnorum |
Banksia shuttleworthiana |
Banksia stenoprion |
Bearded Dryandra |
Beyeria cinerea |
Blancoa canescens |
Blue-spike Milkwort |
Blueberry Tree |
Blueboy |
Boronia ramosa |
Bossiaea eriocarpa |
Brachyscome bellidioides |
Brachyscome iberidifolia |
Bristly Cottonhead |
Broom Ballart |
Burchardia congesta |
Caesia micrantha |
Caladenia flava |
Caladenia longicauda |
Caladenia sp. |
Calandrinia liniflora |
Calandrinia sp. |
Calandrinia sp. white |
Calandrinia tholiformis |
Calectasia narragara |
Calothamnus hirsutus |
Calothamnus quadrifidus subsp. quadrifidus |
Calothamnus sanguineus |
Calytrix angulata |
Calytrix sp. Eneabba |
Calytrix strigosa |
Carpobrotus virescens |
Catspaw |
Centrolepis drummondiana |
Chordifex sinuosus |
Clematis linearifolia |
Climbing Lignum |
Coastal Blackbutt |
Coastal Wattle |
Comesperma calymega |
Common Brown Pea |
Common Stylewort |
Common White Spider Orchid |
Common Woollybush |
Conospermum boreale |
Conospermum canaliculatum |
Conospermum canaliculatum subsp. canaliculatum |
Conospermum crassinervium |
Conospermum stoechadis |
Conospermum wycherleyi |
Conostephium pendulum |
Conostephium preissii |
Conostylis aurea |
Conostylis candicans subsp. calcicola |
Conostylis candicans subsp. candicans |
Conostylis crassinervia subsp. absens |
Conostylis latens |
Conostylis setigera |
Conostylis teretiuscula |
Conothamnus sp. |
Corynotheca micrantha |
Cowslip Orchid |
Crassula closiana |
Crassula colorata var. acuminata |
Crassula sp. |
Crassula sp. cotula |
Cryptandra mutila |
Cryptandra myriantha |
Cryptandra pungens |
Cryptostylis ovata |
Dampiera linearis |
Darwinia pauciflora |
Darwinia sanguinea |
Dasypogon obliquifolius |
Daucus glochidiatus |
Daviesia divaricata subsp. divaricata |
Daviesia nudiflora subsp. nudiflora |
Daviesia podophylla |
Daviesia triflora |
Desmocladus asper |
Desmocladus virgatus |
Diamond of the Desert |
Dioscorea hastifolia |
Diplolaena obovata |
Diuris sp. |
Dog Weed |
Drosera erythrorhiza subsp. magna |
Drosera humilis |
Drosera macrantha subsp. macrantha |
Drosera menziesii subsp. penicillaris |
Drosera pallida |
Drosera parvula |
Drosera porrecta |
Dwarf Sheoak |
Ecdeiocolea monostachya |
Elythranthera brunonis |
Eremaea asterocarpa subsp. asterocarpa |
Eremaea beaufortioides |
Eremaea pauciflora |
Eremaea violacea |
Erymophyllum tenellum |
Eucalyptus todtiana |
Exocarpos sparteus |
Fan-leaved Hakea |
Ficinia nodosa |
Firewood Banksia |
Fleshy-leaved Triggerplant |
Fountain Triggerplant |
Fringed Lily |
Gahnia lanigera |
Gastrolobium linearifolium |
Gastrolobium nervosum |
Georgeantha hexandra P4 |
Geranium solanderi |
Gnephosis tenuissima |
Golden Conostylis |
Gompholobium aristatum |
Gompholobium tomentosum |
Goodenia coerulea |
Granny Bonnets |
Grass tree |
Grey Scaevola |
Haemodorum spicatum |
Hairy Yellow Pea |
Hakea costata |
Hakea eneabba |
Hakea flabellifolia |
Hakea incrassata |
Hakea lissocarpha |
Hakea trifurcata |
Hardenbergia comptoniana |
Heath Strangea |
Hemiandra aff. incana |
Hemiandra pungens |
Hensmania stoniella P3 |
Hibbertia aurea |
Hibbertia glaberrima |
Hibbertia huegelii |
Hibbertia hypericoides |
Hibbertia racemosa |
Hibbertia sp. Gnangara |
Holly Pea |
Holocene |
Honey Bush |
Hovea stricta |
Hybanthus calycinus |
Hydrocotyle tetragonocarpa |
Hypocalymma xanthopetalum |
Isolepis marginata |
Isotoma hypocrateriformis |
Isotropis cuneifolia |
Jacksonia floribunda |
Jacksonia furcellata |
Jacksonia hakeoides |
Jacksonia sp. fine teeth |
Jacksonia sternbergiana |
Johnsonia pubescens subsp. pubescens |
Kingia australis |
Knotted Poa |
Kondrung |
Labichea cassioides |
Large Flowered Bogrush |
Laxmannia ramosa subsp. deflexa |
Laxmannia ramosa subsp. ramosa |
Laxmannia sessiliflora subsp. drummondii |
Lechenaultia linarioides |
Lechenaultia stenosepala |
Lepidium rotundum |
Lepidium sp. small siliqua |
Lepidobolus preissianus |
Lepidosperma costale |
Lepidosperma scabrum |
Lepidosperma squamatum |
Leptomeria preissiana |
Leptospermum spinescens |
Leucopogon aff. polymorphus |
Leucopogon conostephioides |
Leucopogon insularis |
Leucopogon parviflorus |
Leucopogon planifolius |
Leucopogon polymorphus |
Leucopogon propinquus |
Leucopogon sp. Lesueur (B. Evans 530) |
Leucopogon sp. fine leaf |
Leucopogon sp. revolute leaf |
Leucopogon sp. small leaf |
Levenhookia stipitata |
Lobelia gibbosa |
Lobelia heterophylla |
Lobelia tenuior |
Logania spermacocea |
Lomandra caespitosa |
Lomandra hastilis |
Lomandra hermaphrodita |
Lomandra maritima |
Lomandra preissii |
Lomandra sericea |
Lomandra suaveolens |
Lyginia barbata |
Lyginia imberbis |
Lysinema pentapetalum |
Macarthuria australis |
Macrozamia fraseri |
Marble Hakea |
Mardja |
Matted Triggerplant |
Melaleuca cardiophylla |
Melaleuca carrii |
Melaleuca huegelii subsp. huegelii |
Melaleuca leuropoma |
Melaleuca psammophila |
Melaleuca systena |
Melaleuca trichophylla |
Mesomelaena graciliceps |
Mesomelaena pseudostygia |
Microlaena stipoides |
Mirbelia trichocalyx |
Monotaxis grandiflora |
Muehlenbeckia adpressa |
Myoporum insulare |
Narrow-sepaled Leschenaultia |
Native Parsnip |
Native Wisteria |
Neurachne alopecuroidea |
Nuytsia floribunda |
Olax scalariformis |
Olearia axillaris |
Olearia dampieri subsp. eremicola |
Olearia paucidentata |
Olearia rudis |
Opercularia spermacocea |
Opercularia vaginata |
Ozothamnus cordatus |
Pale Grass-lily |
Pale Rainbow |
Patersonia occidentalis var. latifolia |
Pearl Flower |
Pepper and Salt |
Petrophile axillaris |
Petrophile brevifolia |
Petrophile linearis |
Petrophile macrostachya |
Petrophile rigida |
Petrophile seminuda |
Philotheca spicata |
Phlebocarya filifolia |
Phyllangium sulcatum |
Phyllanthus calycinus |
Pileanthus filifolius |
Pimelea ferruginea |
Pimelea leucantha |
Pimelea sp. medium leaf |
Pittosporum ligustrifolium |
Pityrodia bartlingii |
Pixie Mops |
Platysace juncea |
Pleistocene |
Poa drummondiana |
Poa porphyroclados |
Poaceae sp. aff. Bromus |
Poaceae sp. fine |
Poaceae sp. racemose |
Podolepis gracilis |
Podolepis lessonii |
Podotheca angustifolia |
Podotheca chrysantha |
Podotheca gnaphalioides |
Poranthera microphylla |
Posy Triggerplant |
Pterostylis sp. |
Pterostylis vittata |
Ptilotus polystachyus |
Ptilotus sp. Northampton |
Ptilotus stirlingii var. stirlingii |
Purple Enamel Orchid |
Purple Tassels |
Pyrorchis nigricans |
Quandong |
Resource partitioning |
Rhagodia baccata |
Rhodanthe citrina |
Ribbed Hakea |
Ricinocarpos undulatus |
Rough Daisybush |
Rytidosperma caespitosum |
Rytidosperma occidentale |
Sandplain Cranberry |
Santalum acuminatum |
Scaevola canescens |
Scaevola crassifolia |
Scaevola repens var. angustifolia |
Scaevola repens var. repens |
Scaevola sp. North Lesueur |
Scaevola thesioides subsp. thesioides |
Scarlet Featherflower |
Schoenus aff. sp. A1 Boorabbin |
Schoenus brevisetis |
Schoenus clandestinus |
Schoenus curvifolius |
Schoenus grandiflorus |
Schoenus pedicellatus |
Schoenus unispiculatus |
Scholtzia involucrata |
Scholtzia sp. Folly Hill |
Scholtzia umbellifera |
Senecio pinnatifolius var. latilobus |
Silky Mat Rush |
Silky-leaved Blood flower |
Slender Banksia |
Snakebush |
Sowerbaea laxiflora |
Spiked Scholtzia |
Spyridium globulosum |
Stachystemon axillaris |
Stalked Guinea Flower |
Stenanthemum notiale subsp. notiale |
Stenopetalum gracile |
Stinkwood |
Stirlingia latifolia |
Stoichiometry |
Strangea cynanchicarpa |
Stylidium adpressum |
Stylidium aff. cygnorum |
Stylidium albolilacinum |
Stylidium brunonianum |
Stylidium carnosum |
Stylidium crossocephalum |
Stylidium cygnorum |
Stylidium dichotomum |
Stylidium junceum |
Stylidium maitlandianum |
Stylidium maritimum |
Stylidium piliferum |
Stylidium repens |
Stylidium rigidulum |
Stylidium sp. small rosette + stilt |
Stypandra glauca |
Summer Coppercups |
Summer Smokebush |
Summer-scented Wattle |
Synaphea spinulosa |
Synaphea spinulosa subsp. spinulosa |
Tangling Melaleuca |
Thelymitra campanulata |
Threlkeldia diffusa |
Thryptomene baeckeacea |
Thryptomene sp. |
Thysanotus arenarius |
Thysanotus dichotomus |
Thysanotus manglesianus |
Thysanotus patersonii |
Thysanotus sparteus |
Thysanotus thyrsoideus |
Thysanotus triandrus |
Trachymene pilosa |
Tricoryne elatior |
Trigger-on-stilts |
Tufted Mat Rush |
Two-leaf Hakea |
Verticordia densiflora var. densiflora |
Verticordia grandis |
Violet Eremaea |
Wahlenbergia preissii |
Warrine |
Weeping Grass |
White-stemmed Wattle |
Wild Violet |
Winter Bell |
Woodbridge Poison |
Woolly Dragon |
Xanthorrhoea preissii |
Xanthosia huegelii |
Yellow Autumn Lily |
Yellow Buttercups |
Yellow Leschenaultia |
Yellow Tailflower |
Zygophyllum fruticulosum |
alpha diversity |
ecosystem development |
nitrogen |
pedogenesis |
phosphorus |
resource availability |
soil chronosequence |
spatial heterogeneity |
species coexistence |
species pool |
species richness |
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Identifiers
- DOI : 10.5061/DRYAD.PS320
- global : 169ba43e-365a-4393-afff-3c4b7279b288
