Bioaccumulation monitoring of the mud crab, Scylla serrata, from Queensland estuaries

Brief description

Mature male mud crabs were collected by commercial fishers from 11 rivers and creeks spanning 1500 km of the Queensland coast, following the 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 wet seasons. The sites, sampled between March and July, were located at the mouths of the Normanby River, Barron River, Johnstone River, Tully River, Herbert River Gordon Creek, Burdekin River, Pioneer River (post 2005/2006 wet season only), O'Connell River, Fitzroy River and Burnett River.On arrival at the laboratory, the live crabs were placed in a seawater/ice slurry. Each crab was weighed, the carapace width was measured and urine and hemolymph samples taken. Hepatopancreas, muscle and gill samples were collected. Most of the hepatopancreas was frozen at -20°C. Sub-samples of hepatopancreas, muscle gill, urine and hemolymph were also snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at AIMS at -80°C for future bioindicator assays.The hepatopancreas from each of 12 crabs from each site was subsampled and pooled to form four hepatopancreas samples (each sample derived from three individual crabs). These samples were extracted and analysed for pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Individuals from the pooled samples were further analysed when contaminants were detected in the pooled samples. Analyses, were conducted for organochlorine pesticides (OC), organophosphate pesticides, polychlorinated byphenyls (PCBs) as selected congeners and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Pesticide analyses were carried out by Queensland Health and Scientific Services (QHSS).A freeze dried subsample of the hepatopancreas from 12 replicate crabs from each site was digested using HNO3/HClO4 and analysed for metals and metalloid concentrations (total Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Sr, Zn, Mn, Cd, Be, Co, Ni, Ba, Mo, Al, Cr, Pb, Sn, V and Se) using a Varian Liberty 220 inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Arsenic (As) was analysed on the Liberty 220 ICP-AES by hydride generation and mercury (Hg) by cold vapour generation.
This research was undertaken to gather baseline data on the concentrations of pesticides, PCBs, PAHs, metals and metalloids present in the mud crab, Scylla serrata, from the estuaries of rivers and creeks that flow into the GBR lagoon. This species was chosen as it has shown potential as a biomonitoring species due to its capacity to bioaccumulate a range of contaminants. In addition, this is an important food species, targeted by subsistence, recreational and commercial fishers.
This research was undertaken as a component of "The Reef Water Quality Protection Plan Marine Monitoring Program", which was developed and run by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority on behalf of a consortium of research partners, including the Australian Institute of Marine Science, and funded by the Natural Heritage Trust.

Lineage

Maintenance and Update Frequency: notPlanned

Statement: Statement: Pesticide Analyses:Sample receiving, handling, chemical analyses and data reporting at QHSS were based on NATA accredited methods (note that details about the accreditation can be downloaded from the NATA website http://www.nata.asn.au/). QHSS developed appropriate analytical techniques including QA/QC procedures and recovery studies for the analytes of interest in biota. These procedures include recoveries and surrogates for analytes of interest, blanks and duplicate (where possible) and internal standards for quantitation. Hepatopancreas tissue (pools = 4 g per sample wet or 12 g per pool, individuals = 4-6 g per sample) was solvent extracted on the accelerated solvent extraction system (ASE300) with dichloromethane and acetone. The extract initially underwent cleanup by gel permeation chromatography (QHSS Method 16621) followed by minicolumn solid phase cleanup for organochlorine pesticides, organophosphate pesticides, PCBs as selected congeners (QHSS Method 22281) and quantitation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (QHSS Method 15601) and gas chromatography-electron capture detection (QHSS Method 21317). Diuron and atrazine were analysed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry as described in: Negri A, Vollhardt C, Humphrey C, Heyward A, Jones R, Eaglesham G, Fabricius K (2005) Effects of the herbicide diuron on the early life history stages of coral. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51: 370-383.Metal Analyses:The cold vapour generation method used for mercury analysis followed:Adair BM, Cobb GP (1999) Improved preparation of small biological samples for mercury analysis using cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. Chemosphere 38: 2951-2958.Recoveries of metals and metalloids were assessed against certified reference materials from the National Research Council of Canada (TORT2 Lobster hepatopancreas) and fell within the certified range for all elements analysed.

Notes

Credit
Negri, Andrew P, Dr (Principal Investigator)