Data

Arcturus Emerald Flux Data Release 2023_v1

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Schroder, Ivan ; Feitz, Andrew ; Kitchen, Mark
Viewed: [[ro.stat.viewed]] Cited: [[ro.stat.cited]] Accessed: [[ro.stat.accessed]]
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2FANDS&rft_id=info:doi10.25901/v6my-pz84&rft.title=Arcturus Emerald Flux Data Release 2023_v1&rft.identifier=10.25901/v6my-pz84&rft.publisher=Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network&rft.description=This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.5.0) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER). The Arcturus greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring station was established in July 2010, 48 km southeast of Emerald, Queensland. Flux tower measurements were carried out from June 2011 to early 2014. The station was part of a collaborative project between Geoscience Australia (GA) and CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CMAR). The elevation of the site is approximately 170 m asl and mean annual precipitation is 572 mm. The tower bordered 2 land use types to the west lightly forested tussock grasslands; to the east crop lands, cycling through fallow periods. The instruments were installed on a square lattice tower with an adjustable pulley lever system to raise and lower the instrument arm. The tower was 5.6 m tall with the instrument mast extending a further 1.1 m above, totalling a height of 6.7 m. Fluxes of heat, water vapour, methane and carbon dioxide were measured using the open-path eddy flux technique. Supplementary measurements above the canopy included temperature, humidity, windspeed, wind direction, rainfall, and the four components of net radiation. Soil heat flux, soil moisture and soil temperature measurements were also collected. All flux raw data is subject to the quality control process OzFlux QA/QC to generate data from L1 to L6. Levels 3 to 6 are available for re-use. Datasets contain Quality Controls flags which will indicate when data quality is poor and has been filled from alternative sources. For more details, refer to Isaac et al. (2017).Progress Code: completedMaintenance and Update Frequency: notPlanned&rft.creator=Schroder, Ivan &rft.creator=Feitz, Andrew &rft.creator=Kitchen, Mark &rft.date=2024&rft.edition=2023_v1&rft.relation=https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5895-2016&rft.coverage=The Arcturus flux station was located 48 km southeast of Emerald, Queensland.&rft.coverage=northlimit=-23.8587; southlimit=-23.8587; westlimit=148.4746; eastLimit=148.4746; projection=EPSG:4326&rft_rights=Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0&rft_rights=&rft_rights=TERN services are provided on an “as-is” and “as available” basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. <br /><br />Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN.<br /><br />Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting&rft_rights=<br>Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.</br>&rft_subject=climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere&rft_subject=BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES&rft_subject=EARTH SCIENCE&rft_subject=SOLID EARTH&rft_subject=GEOCHEMISTRY&rft_subject=LAND PRODUCTIVITY&rft_subject=LAND SURFACE&rft_subject=LAND USE/LAND COVER&rft_subject=EVAPOTRANSPIRATION&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERE&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR&rft_subject=TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS&rft_subject=BIOSPHERE&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE&rft_subject=TURBULENCE&rft_subject=WIND SPEED&rft_subject=WIND DIRECTION&rft_subject=TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE&rft_subject=PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION&rft_subject=LONGWAVE RADIATION&rft_subject=SHORTWAVE RADIATION&rft_subject=INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION&rft_subject=HEAT FLUX&rft_subject=AIR TEMPERATURE&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE&rft_subject=SURFACE TEMPERATURE&rft_subject=PRECIPITATION AMOUNT&rft_subject=PRECIPITATION&rft_subject=HUMIDITY&rft_subject=SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT&rft_subject=SOIL TEMPERATURE&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES&rft_subject=EARTH SCIENCES&rft_subject=ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS&rft_subject=ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES&rft_subject=Ecosystem Function&rft_subject=ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT&rft_subject=Environmental Monitoring&rft_subject=SOIL SCIENCES&rft_subject=Arcturus Emerald Flux Station&rft_subject=Campbell Scientific TCAV Averaging Soil Thermocouple Probe&rft_subject=Gill Windsonic4&rft_subject=Campbell Scientific CSAT3&rft_subject=Campbell Scientific CS616&rft_subject=HyQuest Solutions TB4&rft_subject=Kipp&Zonen CNR4&rft_subject=Observator RIMCO HP3/CN3&rft_subject=Vaisala HMP45C&rft_subject=LI-COR LI-7500A&rft_subject=net ecosystem exchange (Micromoles per square metre second)&rft_subject=Micromoles per square metre second&rft_subject=mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air (Micromoles per mole)&rft_subject=Micromoles per mole&rft_subject=air temperature (degree Celsius)&rft_subject=degree Celsius&rft_subject=specific humidity (Kilogram per Kilogram)&rft_subject=Kilogram per Kilogram&rft_subject=Monin-Obukhov length (Meter)&rft_subject=Meter&rft_subject=net ecosystem productivity (Micromoles per square metre second)&rft_subject=mass concentration of water vapor in air (Gram per Cubic Meter)&rft_subject=Gram per Cubic Meter&rft_subject=wind speed (Meter per Second)&rft_subject=Meter per Second&rft_subject=soil temperature (degree Celsius)&rft_subject=mole fraction of water vapor in air (Millimoles per mole)&rft_subject=Millimoles per mole&rft_subject=water vapor saturation deficit in air (Kilopascal)&rft_subject=Kilopascal&rft_subject=thickness of rainfall amount (Millimetre)&rft_subject=Millimetre&rft_subject=wind from direction (Degree)&rft_subject=Degree&rft_subject=surface upwelling shortwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=Watt per Square Meter&rft_subject=volume fraction of condensed water in soil (Cubic Meter per Cubic Meter)&rft_subject=Cubic Meter per Cubic Meter&rft_subject=downward heat flux at ground level in soil (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=surface upward sensible heat flux (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=surface friction velocity (Meter per Second)&rft_subject=surface upwelling longwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=relative humidity (Percent)&rft_subject=Percent&rft_subject=specific humidity saturation deficit in air (Kilogram per Kilogram)&rft_subject=water vapor partial pressure in air (Kilopascal)&rft_subject=water evapotranspiration flux (Kilograms per square metre per second)&rft_subject=Kilograms per square metre per second&rft_subject=surface downwelling longwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=longitudinal component of wind speed (Square metres per square second)&rft_subject=Square metres per square second&rft_subject=surface air pressure (Kilopascal)&rft_subject=surface net downward radiative flux (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=magnitude of surface downward stress (Kilograms per metre per square second)&rft_subject=Kilograms per metre per square second&rft_subject=ecosystem respiration (Micromoles per square metre second)&rft_subject=surface downwelling shortwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=lateral component of wind speed (Meter per Second)&rft_subject=surface upward latent heat flux (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=vertical wind (Meter per Second)&rft_subject=gross primary productivity (Micromoles per square metre second)&rft_subject=surface upward flux of available energy (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=surface upward mole flux of carbon dioxide (Micromoles per square metre second)&rft_subject=Point Resolution&rft_subject=1 minute - < 1 hour&rft_subject=AU-Emr&rft_subject=Grasslands&rft.type=dataset&rft.language=English Access the data

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

TERN services are provided on an “as-is” and “as available” basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure.

Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN.

Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting


Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.

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Brief description


This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.5.0) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).

The Arcturus greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring station was established in July 2010, 48 km southeast of Emerald, Queensland. Flux tower measurements were carried out from June 2011 to early 2014. The station was part of a collaborative project between Geoscience Australia (GA) and CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CMAR). The elevation of the site is approximately 170 m asl and mean annual precipitation is 572 mm. The tower bordered 2 land use types to the west lightly forested tussock grasslands; to the east crop lands, cycling through fallow periods. The instruments were installed on a square lattice tower with an adjustable pulley lever system to raise and lower the instrument arm. The tower was 5.6 m tall with the instrument mast extending a further 1.1 m above, totalling a height of 6.7 m. Fluxes of heat, water vapour, methane and carbon dioxide were measured using the open-path eddy flux technique. Supplementary measurements above the canopy included temperature, humidity, windspeed, wind direction, rainfall, and the four components of net radiation. Soil heat flux, soil moisture and soil temperature measurements were also collected.

Notes

Data Processing

File naming convention

The NetCDF files follow the naming convention below:

SiteName_ProcessingLevel_FromDate_ToDate_Type.nc
  • SiteName: short name of the site
  • ProcessingLevel: file processing level (L3, L4, L5, L6)
  • FromDate: temporal interval (start), YYYYMMDD
  • ToDate: temporal interval (end), YYYYMMDD
  • Type (Level 6 only): Summary, Monthly, Daily, Cumulative, Annual
For the NetCDF files at Level 6 (L6), there are several additional 'aggregated' files. For example:
  • Summary: This file is a summary of the L6 data for daily, monthly, annual and cumulative data. The files Monthly to Annual below are combined together in one file.
  • Monthly: This file shows L6 monthly averages of the respective variables, e.g. AH, Fc, NEE, etc.
  • Daily: same as Monthly but with daily averages.
  • Cumulative: File showing cumulative values for ecosystem respiration, evapo-transpiration, gross primary productivity, net ecosystem exchange and production as well as precipitation.
  • Annual: same as Monthly but with annual averages.

Lineage

All flux raw data is subject to the quality control process OzFlux QA/QC to generate data from L1 to L6. Levels 3 to 6 are available for re-use. Datasets contain Quality Controls flags which will indicate when data quality is poor and has been filled from alternative sources. For more details, refer to Isaac et al. (2017).

Progress Code: completed
Maintenance and Update Frequency: notPlanned

Notes

Credit
We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.

Arcturus Emerald flux station was managed by Geoscience Australia. It was supported largely by CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research and was a voluntary member to TERN.
Purpose
The purpose of the Arcturus Emerald flux station was to:
  • gain an understanding of natural background carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in the region prior to carbon sequestration and coal seam gas activities take place
  • couple natural flux results with high precision greenhouse gas monitoring instruments (including isotope analysis) to be used for atmospheric dispersion modelling
  • assess the feasibility of using this type of instrumentation for baseline studies prior to industry activities that will be required to monitor and assess CO2 or CH4 leakage to atmosphere in the future.
Data Quality Information

Data Quality Assessment Scope
local : dataset
<br>Processing levels</br> <br>Under each of the data release directories, the netcdf files are organised by processing levels (L3, L4, L5 and L6):<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>L3 (Level 3) processing applies a range of quality assurance/quality control measures (QA/QC) to the L1 data. The variable names are mapped to the standard variable names (CF 1.8) as part of this step. The L3 netCDF file is then the starting point for all further processing stages.</li> <li>L4 (Level 4) processing fills gaps in the radiation, meteorological and soil quantities utilising AWS (automated weather station), ACCESS-G (Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator) and ERA5 (the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate).</li> <li>L5 (Level 5) processing fills gaps in the flux data employing the artificial neural network SOLO (self-organising linear output map).</li> <li>L6 (Level 6) processing partitions the gap-filled NEE into GPP and ER.</li></ul> Each processing level has two sub-folders ‘default’ and ‘site_pi’:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>default: contains files processed using PyFluxPro</li> <li>site_pi: contains files processed by the principal investigators of the site.</li></ul> If the data quality is poor, the data is filled from alternative sources. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset. Quality control checks include: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>range checks for plausible limits</li> <li>spike detection</li> <li>dependency on other variables</li> <li>manual rejection of date ranges</li></ul> Specific checks applied to the sonic and IRGA data include rejection of points based on the sonic and IRGA diagnostic values and on either automatic gain control (AGC) or CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O signal strength, depending upon the configuration of the IRGA.</br> <br>The Arcturus Emerald Flux Tower was established in April 2011, and stopped measuring in early 2014. The processed data release is currently ongoing, biannually.</br>

Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
doi : https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

Created: 2023-03-31

Issued: 2024-05-04

Modified: 2024-05-07

Data time period: 2011-06-10 to 2013-12-31

This dataset is part of a larger collection

Click to explore relationships graph

148.4746,-23.8587

148.4746,-23.8587

text: The Arcturus flux station was located 48 km southeast of Emerald, Queensland.

Subjects
1 minute - < 1 hour | AIR TEMPERATURE | ATMOSPHERE | ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY | ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE | ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS | ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION | Atmospheric Sciences | ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE | ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR | AU-Emr | Arcturus Emerald Flux Station | BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES | BIOSPHERE | Campbell Scientific CS616 | Campbell Scientific CSAT3 | Campbell Scientific TCAV Averaging Soil Thermocouple Probe | Cubic Meter per Cubic Meter | Degree | EARTH SCIENCE | Earth Sciences | Ecological Applications | Environmental Science and Management | Environmental Sciences | EVAPOTRANSPIRATION | Ecosystem Function | Environmental Monitoring | GEOCHEMISTRY | Gill Windsonic4 | Gram per Cubic Meter | Grasslands | HEAT FLUX | HUMIDITY | HyQuest Solutions TB4 | INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION | Kilogram per Kilogram | Kilograms per metre per square second | Kilograms per square metre per second | Kilopascal | Kipp&Zonen CNR4 | LAND PRODUCTIVITY | LAND SURFACE | LAND USE/LAND COVER | LI-COR LI-7500A | LONGWAVE RADIATION | Meter | Meter per Second | Micromoles per mole | Micromoles per square metre second | Millimetre | Millimoles per mole | Monin-Obukhov length (Meter) | Observator RIMCO HP3/CN3 | PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION | PRECIPITATION | PRECIPITATION AMOUNT | Percent | Point Resolution | SHORTWAVE RADIATION | SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT | Soil Sciences | SOIL TEMPERATURE | SOLID EARTH | SURFACE TEMPERATURE | Square metres per square second | TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS | TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES | TURBULENCE | Vaisala HMP45C | WIND DIRECTION | WIND SPEED | Watt per Square Meter | air temperature (degree Celsius) | climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere | degree Celsius | downward heat flux at ground level in soil (Watt per Square Meter) | ecosystem respiration (Micromoles per square metre second) | gross primary productivity (Micromoles per square metre second) | lateral component of wind speed (Meter per Second) | longitudinal component of wind speed (Square metres per square second) | magnitude of surface downward stress (Kilograms per metre per square second) | mass concentration of water vapor in air (Gram per Cubic Meter) | mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air (Micromoles per mole) | mole fraction of water vapor in air (Millimoles per mole) | net ecosystem exchange (Micromoles per square metre second) | net ecosystem productivity (Micromoles per square metre second) | relative humidity (Percent) | soil temperature (degree Celsius) | specific humidity (Kilogram per Kilogram) | specific humidity saturation deficit in air (Kilogram per Kilogram) | surface air pressure (Kilopascal) | surface downwelling longwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter) | surface downwelling shortwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter) | surface friction velocity (Meter per Second) | surface net downward radiative flux (Watt per Square Meter) | surface upward flux of available energy (Watt per Square Meter) | surface upward latent heat flux (Watt per Square Meter) | surface upward mole flux of carbon dioxide (Micromoles per square metre second) | surface upward sensible heat flux (Watt per Square Meter) | surface upwelling longwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter) | surface upwelling shortwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter) | thickness of rainfall amount (Millimetre) | vertical wind (Meter per Second) | volume fraction of condensed water in soil (Cubic Meter per Cubic Meter) | water evapotranspiration flux (Kilograms per square metre per second) | water vapor partial pressure in air (Kilopascal) | water vapor saturation deficit in air (Kilopascal) | wind from direction (Degree) | wind speed (Meter per Second) |

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Other Information
Point-of-truth metadata URL

uri : https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/f4cb0fba-1b4b-48ee-a9e2-b45893dcad5a

Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928

doi : https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

PyFluxPro

uri : https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki