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Small hive beetles were maintained under controlled temperature, humidity and light conditions. Microbial treatments of Kodamaea ohmeri, Gilliamella apicola and Snodgrassella alvi were cultured in broth alongside corresponding sterile-broth controls, and their effects on adult beetle attraction and oviposition were assessed using two-choice assays with individual and grouped beetles. Beetle responses were recorded after six hours for attraction assays, while eggs laid on treatment and control substrates were counted after three days. To assess effects on offspring, beetle eggs were exposed to microbial or control broths, with hatching recorded after seven days and larval length and wet and dry weight measured from randomly selected larvae. Larval survival following exposure to Lactococcus garvieae was also monitored for 14 days.
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- DOI : 10.25949/30881402.V1
