Sea Change Australia: Climate Report Cards 2025

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Sea Change Australia Climate report cards for multiple jurisdictions: WA, NT, QLD, NSW, SA, and TAS/VIC.
Lineage: Monthly sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies for May 2024-April 2025 were sourced from the Copernicus Marine Service (https://marine.copernicus.eu/). Forecasts of SST anomalies are produced by the Bureau of Metrology and are updated regularly (http://www.bom.gov.au/oceanography/oceantemp/sst-outlook-map.shtml). Identification of marine heatwaves was done using the Marine Heatwave Tracker (https://www.marineheatwaves.org/tracker.html). Climate projections of SST, bottom temperature, marine heatwave duration, and net primary productivity are from the Ocean Forecasting Australian Model (OFAM) which is a spatially-downscaled ocean model (Oke et al., 2013; Hayashida et al., 2020). Ecosystem biomass projections are from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (FishMIP), with full details found in Blanchard and Novaglio (2024). Further exploration of exploitable fish biomass can be done through their Rshiny tool (https://fishmip.org/tools).

References:
Blanchard, J.L. & Novaglio, C., eds 2024. Climate change risks to marine ecosystems and fisheries – Projections to 2100 from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, No. 707. Rome, FAO.
https://doi.org/10.4060/cd1379en

Hayashida, H., Matear, R. J., Strutton, P. G., & Zhang, X. (2020). Insights into projected changes in marine heatwaves from a high-resolution ocean circulation model. Nature communications, 11(1), 4352.

Oke, P. R., Sakov, P., Cahill, M. L., Dunn, J. R., Fiedler, R., Griffin, D. A., ... & Schiller, A. (2013). Towards a dynamically balanced eddy-resolving ocean reanalysis: BRAN3. Ocean Modelling, 67, 52-70.