RCP4.5 future climate layers for Australia - 5km resolution

Brief description

Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) has been adopted by the IPCC to replace the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) used in the AR4 report. The RCP4.5 emission pathway It is a stabilization scenario : stabilization without overshoot pathway to 4.5 W/m2 at stabilization after 2100. RCP4.5 bioclimatic variable spatial layers were developed for Australia (5km grid). Download 4GB zip file containing layers for 18 Global Circulation Models (GCMs) for decadal timesteps from 2015 to 2085

Full description

File format: ascii grid (.asc); zipped (.asc.gz) Extent: continental Australia Grid size: 5km Download size: 4GB Australia-wide RCP4.5 bioclimatic variable spatial layers of 18 Global Circulation Models for decadal timesteps from 2015 to 2085. The RCP 4.5 is developed by the MiniCAM modeling team at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Joint Global Change Research Institute (JGCRI). It is a stabilization scenario where total radiative forcing is stabilized before 2100 by employment of a range of technologies and strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The scenario drivers and technology options are detailed in Clarke et al. (2007). Additional detail on the simulation of land use and terrestrial carbon emissions is given by Wise et al (2009).

The data associated with the future climate projections included:

• 18 GCMs for each emission scenario;
• 8 time points into the future (10 year intervals from 2015 to 2085); and
• monthly min, mean and max temperature, precipitation, sea surface temperatures, wet-day frequency, vapour pressure and cloud cover.

With respect to the emission scenarios, Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) has been adopted by the IPCC to replace the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) used in the AR4 report (Solomon, Qin et al. 2007); RCPs are to be used in the AR5 IPCC report due in 2014. Although new GCM runs for RCPs have not been fully completed, several research groups have implemented methods to utilize knowledge gained from SRES predictions to recreate predictions for the new RCPs using AR4 GCMs (e.g., Meinshausen, Smith et al. 2011; Rogelj, Meinshausen et al. 2012). The methods used to generate the GCM predictions for the RCP emission scenarios are defined at http://climascope.wwfus.org and in associated publications (Mitchell and Jones 2005; Warren, de la Nava Santos et al. 2008; Meinshausen, Raper et al. 2011).

This data was downscaled to 0.05 degrees (~5km resolution) using a cubic spline of the anomalies; these anomalies were applied to a current climate baseline of 1976 to 2005 – climate of 1990 – generated from aggregating monthly data from Australia Water Availability Project (AWAP; http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/awap/). These monthly temperature and precipitation values user used to create 19 standard bioclimatic variables. These bioclimatic variables are:

1.  Annual Mean Temperature
2.  Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp))
3.  Isothermality (Bioclimatic variable 2/Bioclimatic variable 7) (* 100)
4.  Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100)
5.  Max Temperature of Warmest Month
6.  Min Temperature of Coldest Month
7.  Temperature Annual Range (Bioclimatic variable 5-Bioclimatic variable 6)
8.  Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter
9.  Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter
10.  Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter
11.  Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter
12.  Annual Precipitation
13.  Precipitation of Wettest Month
14.  Precipitation of Driest Month
15.  Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation)
16.  Precipitation of Wettest Quarter
17.  Precipitation of Driest Quarter
18.  Precipitation of Warmest Quarter
19.  Precipitation of Coldest Quarter

All downscaling and bioclimatic variable creation was done using the climates package (VanDerWal, Beaumont et al. 2011) in R (http://www.r-project.org/). Coarse resolution climate projections were sourced through a collaboration with Drs Rachel Warren and Jeff Price, Tyndall Centre, University of East Anglia, UK. Although this data is available on http://climascope.wwfus.org, access to all data was facilitated by the collaboration.