Data

Projected near-future CO2 levels increase activity and alter defensive behaviours in the tropical squid Idiosepius pygmaeus

James Cook University
Spady, B ; Watson, S ; Chase, T ; Munday, P
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ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2FANDS&rft_id=info:doi10.4225/28/5aa75291e25ad&rft.title=Projected near-future CO2 levels increase activity and alter defensive behaviours in the tropical squid Idiosepius pygmaeus&rft.identifier=10.4225/28/5aa75291e25ad&rft.publisher=James Cook University&rft.description=Abstract [Related Publication]: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels projected to occur in the oceans by the end of this century cause a range of behavioural effects in fish, but whether other highly active marine organisms, such as cephalopods, are similarly affected is unknown. We tested the effects of projected future CO₂ levels (626 and 956 µatm) on the behaviour of male two-toned pygmy squid, Idiosepius pygmaeus. Exposure to elevated CO₂ increased the number of active individuals by 19–25% and increased movement (number of line-crosses) by nearly 3 times compared to squid at present-day CO₂. Squid vigilance and defensive behaviours were also altered by elevated CO₂ with >80% of individuals choosing jet escape responses over defensive arm postures in response to a visual startle stimulus, compared with 50% choosing jet escape responses at control CO₂. In addition, more escape responses were chosen over threat behaviours in body pattern displays at elevated CO₂ and individuals were more than twice as likely to use ink as a defence strategy at 956 µatm CO₂, compared with controls. Increased activity could lead to adverse effects on energy budgets as well as increasing visibility to predators. A tendency to respond to a stimulus with escape behaviours could increase survival, but may also be energetically costly and could potentially lead to more chases by predators compared with individuals that use defensive postures. These results demonstrate that projected future ocean acidification affects the behaviours of a tropical squid species. The full methodology is available in the Open Access publication from the Related Publications link below.&rft.creator=Spady, B &rft.creator=Watson, S &rft.creator=Chase, T &rft.creator=Munday, P &rft.date=2018&rft.relation=http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.20149894&rft.coverage=146.83146529979,-19.252084892744 146.83145840646,-19.252084319234 146.83145166278,-19.252085784828 146.83144572888,-19.252089146062 146.83144118562,-19.252094073916 146.83143847771,-19.252100086017 146.83143787022,-19.252106593859 146.83143942263,-19.252112960408 146.83144298297,-19.252118562463 146.83144820273,-19.252122851655 146.83145457096,-19.252125408129 146.8314614643,-19.252125981639 146.83146820798,-19.252124516046 146.83147414188,-19.252121154813 146.83147868514,-19.252116226959 146.83148139305,-19.252110214859 146.83148200053,-19.252103707017 146.83148044812,-19.252097340468 146.83147688778,-19.252091738412 146.83147166803,-19.252087449219 146.83146529979,-19.252084892744&rft.coverage=Squid were collected from Cleveland Bay, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (19°25′S, 146°82′E) and transferred to James Cook University&rft_rights=&rft_rights=CC BY 4.0: Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0&rft_subject=ocean acidification&rft_subject=cephalopod&rft_subject=anti-predator behaviour&rft_subject=escape&rft_subject=avoidance&rft_subject=startle response&rft_subject=ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies&rft_subject=Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology)&rft_subject=BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES&rft_subject=ECOLOGY&rft_subject=Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (excl. Social Imapcts)&rft_subject=ENVIRONMENT&rft_subject=CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE&rft.type=dataset&rft.language=English Access the data
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Abstract [Related Publication]: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels projected to occur in the oceans by the end of this century cause a range of behavioural effects in fish, but whether other highly active marine organisms, such as cephalopods, are similarly affected is unknown. We tested the effects of projected future CO₂ levels (626 and 956 µatm) on the behaviour of male two-toned pygmy squid, Idiosepius pygmaeus. Exposure to elevated CO₂ increased the number of active individuals by 19–25% and increased movement (number of line-crosses) by nearly 3 times compared to squid at present-day CO₂. Squid vigilance and defensive behaviours were also altered by elevated CO₂ with >80% of individuals choosing jet escape responses over defensive arm postures in response to a visual startle stimulus, compared with 50% choosing jet escape responses at control CO₂. In addition, more escape responses were chosen over threat behaviours in body pattern displays at elevated CO₂ and individuals were more than twice as likely to use ink as a defence strategy at 956 µatm CO₂, compared with controls. Increased activity could lead to adverse effects on energy budgets as well as increasing visibility to predators. A tendency to respond to a stimulus with escape behaviours could increase survival, but may also be energetically costly and could potentially lead to more chases by predators compared with individuals that use defensive postures. These results demonstrate that projected future ocean acidification affects the behaviours of a tropical squid species.

The full methodology is available in the Open Access publication from the Related Publications link below.

Created: 2018-03-13

Data time period: 31 08 2013 to 23 09 2014

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146.83147,-19.25208 146.83146,-19.25208 146.83145,-19.25209 146.83144,-19.25209 146.83144,-19.2521 146.83144,-19.25211 146.83144,-19.25212 146.83145,-19.25212 146.83145,-19.25213 146.83146,-19.25213 146.83147,-19.25212 146.83148,-19.25212 146.83148,-19.25211 146.83148,-19.2521 146.83148,-19.25209 146.83147,-19.25209 146.83147,-19.25208

146.83145993537,-19.252105150436

text: Squid were collected from Cleveland Bay, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (19°25′S, 146°82′E) and transferred to James Cook University

Subjects
ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies | Biological Sciences | Climate and Climate Change | Ecology | Environment | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (Excl. Social Imapcts) | Marine and Estuarine Ecology (Incl. Marine Ichthyology) | anti-predator behaviour | avoidance | cephalopod | escape | ocean acidification | startle response |

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Identifiers
  • Local : 0fa2f5eb2fb95866715589e9800c8736
  • Local : https://research.jcu.edu.au/data/published/446f10cdb79afd9d909c04816a792d93
  • DOI : 10.4225/28/5aa75291e25ad
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