Data

Howard Springs Flux Data Release 2023_v2

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Beringer, Jason ; Hutley, Lindsay ; Northwood, Matthew
Viewed: [[ro.stat.viewed]] Cited: [[ro.stat.cited]] Accessed: [[ro.stat.accessed]]
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2FANDS&rft_id=info:doi10.25901/kvx6-m534&rft.title=Howard Springs Flux Data Release 2023_v2&rft.identifier=10.25901/kvx6-m534&rft.publisher=Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network&rft.description=This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.15) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER). The site is classified as an open woodland savanna. The overstory is co-dominated by tree species Eucalyptus miniata and Eucalyptus tentrodonata, and average tree height is 14-16 m. Elevation of the site is close to 64 m and mean annual precipitation is 1750 mm. Maximum temperatures range from 30.4 °C (in July) to 33.2 °C (in November), while minimum temperatures range from 19.3 °C (in July) to 25.4 °C (in November). Therefore, the maximum and minimum range varies from 7 °C (wet season) to 11 °C (dry season). The instrument mast is 23 m tall. Heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide measurements are taken using the open-path eddy flux technique. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, incoming and reflected shortwave radiation and net radiation are measured above the canopy. Soil heat fluxes are measured and soil moisture content is gathered using time domain reflectometry.All flux raw data is subject to the quality control process OzFlux QA/QC to generate data from L1 to L6. Levels 3 to 6 are available for re-use. Datasets contain Quality Controls flags which will indicate when data quality is poor and has been filled from alternative sources. For more details, refer to Isaac et al. (2017).Progress Code: completedMaintenance and Update Frequency: biannually&rft.creator=Beringer, Jason &rft.creator=Hutley, Lindsay &rft.creator=Northwood, Matthew &rft.date=2024&rft.edition=2023_v2&rft.relation=https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5895-2016&rft.coverage=In the Black Jungle Conservation Reserve, South East of Darwin, Northern Territory.&rft.coverage=northlimit=-12.943; southlimit=-12.943; westlimit=131.1523; eastLimit=131.1523; projection=EPSG:4326&rft_rights=Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0&rft_rights=TERN services are provided on an as-is and as available basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. <br />Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN. <br /><br />Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting&rft_rights=Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.&rft_subject=climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere&rft_subject=BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES&rft_subject=EARTH SCIENCE&rft_subject=SOLID EARTH&rft_subject=GEOCHEMISTRY&rft_subject=LAND PRODUCTIVITY&rft_subject=LAND SURFACE&rft_subject=LAND USE/LAND COVER&rft_subject=EVAPOTRANSPIRATION&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERE&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR&rft_subject=TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS&rft_subject=BIOSPHERE&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE&rft_subject=TURBULENCE&rft_subject=WIND SPEED&rft_subject=WIND DIRECTION&rft_subject=TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE&rft_subject=PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION&rft_subject=LONGWAVE RADIATION&rft_subject=SHORTWAVE RADIATION&rft_subject=INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION&rft_subject=HEAT FLUX&rft_subject=AIR TEMPERATURE&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE&rft_subject=SURFACE TEMPERATURE&rft_subject=PRECIPITATION AMOUNT&rft_subject=PRECIPITATION&rft_subject=HUMIDITY&rft_subject=SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT&rft_subject=SOIL TEMPERATURE&rft_subject=ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES&rft_subject=EARTH SCIENCES&rft_subject=ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS&rft_subject=ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES&rft_subject=Ecosystem Function&rft_subject=ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT&rft_subject=Environmental Monitoring&rft_subject=SOIL SCIENCES&rft_subject=Howard Springs Flux Station&rft_subject=Hukseflux HFP01&rft_subject=Campbell Scientific TCAV Averaging Soil Thermocouple Probe&rft_subject=LI-COR LI-7500&rft_subject=HyQuest Solutions CS700&rft_subject=Campbell Scientific CS616&rft_subject=Campbell Scientific CSAT3&rft_subject=surface downwelling shortwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=Watt per Square Meter&rft_subject=soil temperature (degree Celsius)&rft_subject=degree Celsius&rft_subject=surface upward latent heat flux (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=water vapor partial pressure in air (Kilopascal)&rft_subject=Kilopascal&rft_subject=wind speed (Meter per Second)&rft_subject=Meter per Second&rft_subject=Monin-Obukhov length (Meter)&rft_subject=Meter&rft_subject=specific humidity saturation deficit in air (Kilogram per Kilogram)&rft_subject=Kilogram per Kilogram&rft_subject=surface net downward radiative flux (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=surface upwelling longwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=gross primary productivity (Micromoles per square metre second)&rft_subject=Micromoles per square metre second&rft_subject=air temperature (degree Celsius)&rft_subject=surface upward mole flux of carbon dioxide (Micromoles per square metre second)&rft_subject=volume fraction of condensed water in soil (Cubic Meter per Cubic Meter)&rft_subject=Cubic Meter per Cubic Meter&rft_subject=surface air pressure (Kilopascal)&rft_subject=surface upward flux of available energy (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=ecosystem respiration (Micromoles per square metre second)&rft_subject=mole fraction of water vapor in air (Millimoles per mole)&rft_subject=Millimoles per mole&rft_subject=water evapotranspiration flux (Unitless)&rft_subject=Unitless&rft_subject=mass concentration of water vapor in air (Gram per Cubic Meter)&rft_subject=Gram per Cubic Meter&rft_subject=lateral component of wind speed (Meter per Second)&rft_subject=mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air (Micromoles per mole)&rft_subject=Micromoles per mole&rft_subject=relative humidity (Percent)&rft_subject=Percent&rft_subject=vertical wind (Meter per Second)&rft_subject=thickness of rainfall amount (Millimetre)&rft_subject=Millimetre&rft_subject=net ecosystem exchange (Micromoles per square metre second)&rft_subject=magnitude of surface downward stress (Kilograms per metre per square second)&rft_subject=Kilograms per metre per square second&rft_subject=downward heat flux at ground level in soil (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=longitudinal component of wind speed (Meter per Second)&rft_subject=wind from direction (Degree)&rft_subject=Degree&rft_subject=net ecosystem productivity (Micromoles per square metre second)&rft_subject=water vapor saturation deficit in air (Kilopascal)&rft_subject=specific humidity (Kilogram per Kilogram)&rft_subject=surface downwelling longwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=surface friction velocity (Meter per Second)&rft_subject=surface upward sensible heat flux (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=surface upwelling shortwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter)&rft_subject=Point Resolution&rft_subject=1 minute - < 1 hour&rft_subject=Eddy Covariance&rft_subject=AU-How&rft_subject=open woodland savanna&rft.type=dataset&rft.language=English Access the data

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

TERN services are provided on an "as-is" and "as available" basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure.
Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN.

Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting

Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.

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Brief description


This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.15) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).

The site is classified as an open woodland savanna. The overstory is co-dominated by tree species Eucalyptus miniata and Eucalyptus tentrodonata, and average tree height is 14-16 m. Elevation of the site is close to 64 m and mean annual precipitation is 1750 mm. Maximum temperatures range from 30.4 °C (in July) to 33.2 °C (in November), while minimum temperatures range from 19.3 °C (in July) to 25.4 °C (in November). Therefore, the maximum and minimum range varies from 7 °C (wet season) to 11 °C (dry season).

The instrument mast is 23 m tall. Heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide measurements are taken using the open-path eddy flux technique. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, incoming and reflected shortwave radiation and net radiation are measured above the canopy. Soil heat fluxes are measured and soil moisture content is gathered using time domain reflectometry.

Notes

Data Processing

File naming convention

The NetCDF files follow the naming convention below:

SiteName_ProcessingLevel_FromDate_ToDate_Type.nc
  • SiteName: short name of the site
  • ProcessingLevel: file processing level (L3, L4, L5, L6)
  • FromDate: temporal interval (start), YYYYMMDD
  • ToDate: temporal interval (end), YYYYMMDD
  • Type (Level 6 only): Summary, Monthly, Daily, Cumulative, Annual
For the NetCDF files at Level 6 (L6), there are several additional 'aggregated' files. For example:
  • Summary: This file is a summary of the L6 data for daily, monthly, annual and cumulative data. The files Monthly to Annual below are combined together in one file.
  • Monthly: This file shows L6 monthly averages of the respective variables, e.g. AH, Fc, NEE, etc.
  • Daily: same as Monthly but with daily averages.
  • Cumulative: File showing cumulative values for ecosystem respiration, evapo-transpiration, gross primary product, net ecosystem exchange and production as well as precipitation.
  • Annual: same as Monthly but with annual averages.

Lineage

All flux raw data is subject to the quality control process OzFlux QA/QC to generate data from L1 to L6. Levels 3 to 6 are available for re-use. Datasets contain Quality Controls flags which will indicate when data quality is poor and has been filled from alternative sources. For more details, refer to Isaac et al. (2017).

Progress Code: completed
Maintenance and Update Frequency: biannually

Notes

Credit
We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.

The site is managed by the University of Western Australia and Charles Darwin University and supported by TERN. The flux station is part of the Australian OzFlux Network and contributes to the international FLUXNET Network.
Purpose
The primary purpose of Howard Springs Flux Station is to understand the effects of fire on heat, moisture and carbon dioxide fluxes in Australia's tropical savannas. Other aims include:
  • to examine the water and carbon exchanges of tropical savannas
  • understand the process of carbon cycling and storage in tropical savannas
  • provide longer term measurements for future projects.
Data Quality Information

Data Quality Assessment Scope
local : dataset
<br>Processing levels</br> <br>Under each of the data release directories, the netcdf files are organised by processing levels (L3, L4, L5 and L6):<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>L3 (Level 3) processing applies a range of quality assurance/quality control measures (QA/QC) to the L1 data. The variable names are mapped to the standard variable names (CF 1.8) as part of this step. The L3 netCDF file is then the starting point for all further processing stages.</li> <li>L4 (Level 4) processing fills gaps in the radiation, meteorological and soil quantities utilising AWS (automated weather station), ACCESS-G (Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator) and ERA5 (the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate).</li> <li>L5 (Level 5) processing fills gaps in the flux data employing the artificial neural network SOLO (self-organising linear output map).</li> <li>L6 (Level 6) processing partitions the gap-filled NEE into GPP and ER.</li></ul> Each processing level has two sub-folders ‘default’ and ‘site_pi’:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>default: contains files processed using PyFluxPro</li> <li>site_pi: contains files processed by the principal investigators of the site.</li></ul> If the data quality is poor, the data is filled from alternative sources. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset. Quality control checks include: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>range checks for plausible limits</li> <li>spike detection</li> <li>dependency on other variables</li> <li>manual rejection of date ranges</li></ul> Specific checks applied to the sonic and IRGA data include rejection of points based on the sonic and IRGA diagnostic values and on either automatic gain control (AGC) or CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O signal strength, depending upon the configuration of the IRGA.</br> <br>Howard Springs Flux Tower was established in 2002, and is currently active. The processed data release is currently ongoing, biannually.</br> <br></br>

Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
doi : https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

Created: 2023-10-06

Issued: 2024-05-13

Modified: 2024-05-13

Data time period: 2002-01-01 to 2023-07-28

This dataset is part of a larger collection

Click to explore relationships graph

131.1523,-12.943

131.1523,-12.943

text: In the Black Jungle Conservation Reserve, South East of Darwin, Northern Territory.

Subjects
1 minute - < 1 hour | AIR TEMPERATURE | ATMOSPHERE | ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY | ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE | ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS | ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION | Atmospheric Sciences | ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE | ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR | AU-How | BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES | BIOSPHERE | Campbell Scientific CS616 | Campbell Scientific CSAT3 | Campbell Scientific TCAV Averaging Soil Thermocouple Probe | Cubic Meter per Cubic Meter | Degree | EARTH SCIENCE | Earth Sciences | Ecological Applications | Environmental Science and Management | Environmental Sciences | EVAPOTRANSPIRATION | Ecosystem Function | Eddy Covariance | Environmental Monitoring | GEOCHEMISTRY | Gram per Cubic Meter | HEAT FLUX | HUMIDITY | Howard Springs Flux Station | Hukseflux HFP01 | HyQuest Solutions CS700 | INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION | Kilogram per Kilogram | Kilograms per metre per square second | Kilopascal | LAND PRODUCTIVITY | LAND SURFACE | LAND USE/LAND COVER | LI-COR LI-7500 | LONGWAVE RADIATION | Meter | Meter per Second | Micromoles per mole | Micromoles per square metre second | Millimetre | Millimoles per mole | Monin-Obukhov length (Meter) | PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION | PRECIPITATION | PRECIPITATION AMOUNT | Percent | Point Resolution | SHORTWAVE RADIATION | SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT | Soil Sciences | SOIL TEMPERATURE | SOLID EARTH | SURFACE TEMPERATURE | TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS | TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES | TURBULENCE | Unitless | WIND DIRECTION | WIND SPEED | Watt per Square Meter | air temperature (degree Celsius) | climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere | degree Celsius | downward heat flux at ground level in soil (Watt per Square Meter) | ecosystem respiration (Micromoles per square metre second) | gross primary productivity (Micromoles per square metre second) | lateral component of wind speed (Meter per Second) | longitudinal component of wind speed (Meter per Second) | magnitude of surface downward stress (Kilograms per metre per square second) | mass concentration of water vapor in air (Gram per Cubic Meter) | mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air (Micromoles per mole) | mole fraction of water vapor in air (Millimoles per mole) | net ecosystem exchange (Micromoles per square metre second) | net ecosystem productivity (Micromoles per square metre second) | open woodland savanna | relative humidity (Percent) | soil temperature (degree Celsius) | specific humidity (Kilogram per Kilogram) | specific humidity saturation deficit in air (Kilogram per Kilogram) | surface air pressure (Kilopascal) | surface downwelling longwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter) | surface downwelling shortwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter) | surface friction velocity (Meter per Second) | surface net downward radiative flux (Watt per Square Meter) | surface upward flux of available energy (Watt per Square Meter) | surface upward latent heat flux (Watt per Square Meter) | surface upward mole flux of carbon dioxide (Micromoles per square metre second) | surface upward sensible heat flux (Watt per Square Meter) | surface upwelling longwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter) | surface upwelling shortwave flux in air (Watt per Square Meter) | thickness of rainfall amount (Millimetre) | vertical wind (Meter per Second) | volume fraction of condensed water in soil (Cubic Meter per Cubic Meter) | water evapotranspiration flux (Unitless) | water vapor partial pressure in air (Kilopascal) | water vapor saturation deficit in air (Kilopascal) | wind from direction (Degree) | wind speed (Meter per Second) |

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Other Information
Point-of-truth metadata URL

uri : https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/df6fbc44-dc56-44a1-9498-dab61413daf6

Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928

doi : https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

PyFluxPro

uri : https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki