Genetic polymorphisms in genes controlling innate immunity as risk factors for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia [ 2005 - 2007 ]

Research Grant

Researchers: Dr Lesley Ashton (Principal investigator) ,  Prof Bruce Armstrong ,  Prof Elizabeth Milne ,  Prof Lyle Palmer

Brief description For some time now, researchers have speculated that the development of childhood leukaemia is related to exposure to an infectious agent. However, a causal pathogen is yet to be identified. Recent studies have shown that the initial recognition of microbes as they enter the human body is determined by a group of receptors, toll-like receptors (TLRs), which selectively bind to essential components of these pathogens. This process allows the body to respond immediately to microbial invasion; a process which is vital during early childhood, when clonal expansion of antibodies and other host defences is inadequate. It is becoming increasingly apparent that this innate immune response is not just the first line of defence but a necessary event for the development of an adaptive immune response. We propose that the innate immune system of children carrying TLR gene variants may be less effective at detecting the presence of microbial pathogens in the environment. We hypothesize that by dampening the stimulation of innate immunity in early childhood, TLR gene variants may indirectly cause a dysfunction in the maturation of a child's immune system and increase the chance of a pre-leukaemic clone emerging, leading to the development of childhood leukaemia.

Funding Amount $AUD 241,500.00

Funding Scheme NHMRC Project Grants

Notes Standard Project Grant