The RAINE Study

Intervention

Intervention code Not applicable

Four Generations are currently involved in the Raine Study: Generation 1 - women (and their partners) presenting to King Edward Memorial Hospital and surrounding private clinics in Perth, Western Australia who were between 16 and 20 weeks pregnant. 2,900 women were recruited between May 1989 and November 1991. In 2017 average age was 56 years (range 40-80). Assessments may continue every 3-5 years until death. Enrolment for Generation 1 participants is closed; they can choose to participate in a .... Four Generations are currently involved in the Raine Study: Generation 1 - women (and their partners) presenting to King Edward Memorial Hospital and surrounding private clinics in Perth, Western Australia who were between 16 and 20 weeks pregnant. 2,900 women were recruited between May 1989 and November 1991. In 2017 average age was 56 years (range 40-80). Assessments may continue every 3-5 years until death. Enrolment for Generation 1 participants is closed; they can choose to participate in any / all follow-up assessments. Generation 2 - live born children of the Generation 1 women (n=2868), These were born between August 1989 and May 1992, thus in 2023 average age is 33. Assessments are intended to continue every 3 years until death. Enrolment of Generation 2 participants are closed; they can choose to participate in any / all follow-up assessments. Generation 3 - live born children of Generation 2 women and men. As the Generation 3 children will be born over several decades, follow-up assessments may occur every 3-5 years rather than at specific ages. Enrolment of Gen 3 participants is ongoing, as they are born. The intention is to follow this generation until death also. Generation 2B - the other biological parent of the Generation 3 participant. The intention is to collect information on Gen 2B parents every 3-5 years. Due to Gen 3 enrolment being ongoing, the enrolment of Gen2B is ongoing also. Generation 0 - grandparents of Generation 2. Intention is to capture data on as many of this generation as possible before they are no longer able to participate in data collection. Life-course exposures are being assessed. For Generation 1 - exposures have been assessed at 18 and 36 weeks pregnancy, birth of their child, and when their child was 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, and 26 years of age. Exposures are currently being assessed as part of the Generations follow-up (age of child is 33 years). The intention is to follow Generation 1 until death. Behaviour exposures including sleep, activity (physical activity, sedentary behaviour), diet (diet, dietary behaviour), risky behaviour (drug use - alcohol, tobacco, other drugs, driving). Environment exposures, including chemical (for example hormones and endocrine disruptors) and medical exposures, such as ultrasounds and anaesthesia. Built and social environment including type of housing, neighbourhood and family relationships, and work. For Generation 2 - exposures have been assessed at 18 and 36 weeks gestation, birth, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, 20, 22, 27 and 28 years of age. The current 33 year follow-up commenced in 2023. The intention is to regularly assess them until death. Behaviour exposures including sleep, activity (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, technology use), diet (diet, dietary behaviour, breastfed), risky behaviour (drug use - alcohol, tobacco, other drugs, sexual behaviour, driving). Environment exposures including perinatal exposures such as obstetric factors; maternal nutrition, maternal exercise, maternal drugs (medications, smoking, alcohol, illicit), maternal stress and maternal mental health; chemical (such as endocrine disrupters and other pollutants), noise and sunlight exposure and medical procedure exposures (such as ultrasounds and anaesthesia). Built and social environment including neighbourhood security, parks, walkability, shops, fast food outlets, and family relationships, peer relationships, work colleague relationships. For Generation 3 - exposures are being assessed at ages ranging between 0 and 18 years. The intention is to regularly assess all Generation 3 every 3-5 years. Behaviour exposures including physical activity and diet. Environment exposures such as chemical exposures (including hormones and gut bacteria) and medical exposures. Social exposures, including family relationships and cognition. For Generation 2B - medical history, sociodemographic, phenotypic, behavioural and environmental exposure data is being collected. For Generation 0 - sociodemographic, medical history, phenotypic data, behavioural exposure and environmental exposure data is being collected (approximately 100 Gen0 participants to date).
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Comparison

Control group Uncontrolled

No control group

Outcomes

Outcome: Physical health status for example: Height was measured by neonatometer for infants and stadiometer for children and adults.
Timepoint: Generation 1 - across adulthood from pregnancy onwards. For example height was assessed at 5, 8, 14, 17 and 26 year follow-ups. Generation 2 - from 18 weeks gestation onwards across the life-course. For example height was assessed at follow-ups 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, 20, 22, 27 years. Generation 3 - across the life-course. For .... Outcome: Physical health status for example: Height was measured by neonatometer for infants and stadiometer for children and adults.
Timepoint: Generation 1 - across adulthood from pregnancy onwards. For example height was assessed at 5, 8, 14, 17 and 26 year follow-ups. Generation 2 - from 18 weeks gestation onwards across the life-course. For example height was assessed at follow-ups 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, 20, 22, 27 years. Generation 3 - across the life-course. For example height at first follow-up. Generation 0 - at current collection
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Outcome: Mental health status for example: Child mental health was measured by parent-reported Child Behaviour Checklist
Timepoint: Generation 1 - across adulthood from pregnancy onwards. Generation 2 - from 18 weeks gestation onwards across the life-course. For example Child Behaviour Checklist was assessed at follow-ups 3, 5, 8, 10, 14 years. Generation 3 - across the life-course. Generation 0 - at current collection

Outcome: Behaviour outcomes For example: self reported physical activity was assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire
Timepoint: Generation 1 - across adulthood from pregnancy onwards. Generation 2 - from 18 weeks gestation onwards across the life-course. For example International Physical Activity Questionnaire at 14, 17, 20, 22, 27 year follow-ups. Generation 3 - across the life-course.