PEBBLES study dataset 425 infant participants testing EpiCeram for eczema prevention

Funding

Government body,National Health and Medical Research Council

Scientific enquiries

A/Prof Adrian Lowe

Brief Summary

The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate that twice daily application of a ceramide dominant emollient reduces the risk of eczema and food allergy, when compared to standard skin management. Secondary objectives are to determine if twice daily application of a ceramide dominant emollient reduces the risk of infants developing allergic sensitisation (as measured by skin prick test); to determine if twice daily application of a ceramide dominant emollient improves infant skin barrier .... The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate that twice daily application of a ceramide dominant emollient reduces the risk of eczema and food allergy, when compared to standard skin management. Secondary objectives are to determine if twice daily application of a ceramide dominant emollient reduces the risk of infants developing allergic sensitisation (as measured by skin prick test); to determine if twice daily application of a ceramide dominant emollient improves infant skin barrier function; to determine the level of parental compliance with a program to build infant skin barrier function; to confirm that a ceramide dominant emollient does not cause adverse effects in infants; to determine the level of compliance required to demonstrate an improvement in infant skin barrier function and to determine if twice daily application of a ceramide dominant emollient influences infant skinmicrobial colonisation, or skin lipid profile. This is a phase III, single blind (outcome assessor is blinded), randomised controlled multicentre trial of the effect of EpiCeram emollient for improving and maintaining skin barrier function and reducing incidence of eczema and food allergy in high risk infants. A total of 760 participants with a first degree family history of allergic disease (asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis or food allergy) will be recruited (380 each group) from maternity wards of seven hospitals. Treatment will be from birth until six months, with a six week, six month and twelve month follow-up. An initial assessment will be performed at baseline which incorporates three surveys, a skin assessment, diary card (which is to be completed weekly and measures compliance), a breast milk sample, guthrie card and tape stripping. The six week assessment entails a skin assessment, survey, compliance check, breast milk sample, tape stripping and guthrie card, while the six month assessment entails a survey. Primary outcomes are assessed at the 12 month follow up where in addition to the aforementioned items, a saliva sample will also be taken and skin prick testing and food challenges will be performed when children have a positive SPT to one or more foods. The primary and secondary outcomes are assessed again at the 4-year follow-up where in addition to the aforementioned items oscillometry testing will be performed to measured lung function.
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Key Inclusion Criteria

Infants will be eligible for this study if their mother, father, or an older sibling has a self-reported history of at least one of the following conditions: asthma, eczema/atopic dermatitis, hay fever/ allergic rhinitis or food allergy. All families who participated in the original PEBBLES trial will be invited to participate in the 4-year follow-up.

Key Exclusion Criteria

Infants with any of the following will be excluded: A parent who has a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of EpiCeram™ will be excluded, as it would be difficult for these parents to apply EpiCeram™ to their infant, and there is likely to be an increased risk of the infant reacting to the cream. Multiple births (twins, triplets etc.) will be excluded, due to the difficulty in randomising individual twins and because of the clustering effect of multiple children from the same family .... Infants with any of the following will be excluded: A parent who has a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of EpiCeram™ will be excluded, as it would be difficult for these parents to apply EpiCeram™ to their infant, and there is likely to be an increased risk of the infant reacting to the cream. Multiple births (twins, triplets etc.) will be excluded, due to the difficulty in randomising individual twins and because of the clustering effect of multiple children from the same family which would reduce the effective sample size of the study. Who are born premature (<36 weeks) as the effect of the intervention may be different in premature infants. Who have major birth or early life medical complications that require admission into a special care nursery, as it will be difficult for parents to comply with the study requirements. Whose parents do not have sufficient English language skills to be able to answer questions. Whose parents are not able to comply with all protocol required visits and procedures. Whose parents have requested to withdraw from the study. Whose parents have requested not to be contacted for subsequent follow-ups.
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